ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 559 



Attention is called to the fact that the larvae of a considerable number of flies 

 either regularly or occasionally live in substances used by man as food, and that 

 the great majority pass through the intestinal tract without his knowledge, as 

 most cause little or no trouble. 



"The dipterous larvje that may be swallowed by man belong to several 

 families included in the old gx'oup of Muscidte. These families are the true 

 Muscidje, Sai-cophagidte, Anthomyiidse, and Trypetidje. Other groups, as 

 Drosophilidae, Sepsidse, and Ortalidaa, are of much rarer occurrence. The flies 

 of the Ortalidse, Trypetidfe, and Sepsidte are quite different from those of the 

 other groups, but the adults of the 3 other families are very similar in structure, 

 and the limits of the groups or the number of groups is not constant with differ- 

 ent specialists in Diptera." 



The work concludes with a brief discussion on the classiflcation of these 

 Diptera and a bibliography of 23 titles. 



The cheromyias, new Diptera with larvae which suck the blood of 

 mammals, E. Roubattd (Compt. Rend. Acad. 8cL [Paris], 153 {1911). No. 11, 

 pp. 553-555). — T-wo new flies from the Soudan, the larvae of which suck the 

 blood of thin-haired mammals, particularly porcines of the genera Phacochoerus 

 and Orycteropus, are described as Chceromyia boueti and C. chcerophaga. The 

 new genus Chceromyia with Auchmeromyia, which Is represented by the Congo 

 floor maggot (A. luteoJa), forms a special tribe of the Muscidse. 



Systematic studies of the hematophagous Muscidae of the genus Ljrperosia, 

 M. Bezzi (Arch. Par., 15 {1911), No. 1, pp. 110-143, pi. 1, figs. 15).— Ten species 

 of this genus are dealt with. The paper concludes with a synonymic catalogue 

 of the species of stomoxydines described to the end of 1910. A bibliography of 

 59 titles is appended. 



Mosquito sucked by a midge, F. H. Gravely (Rec. Indian Mus., G {1911), 

 No. 1, p. Jf5). — The author records having observed a small chironomid fly, 

 apparently belonging to the genus Culicoides, with its proboscis inserted and 

 apparently engaged in sucking blood from the abdomen of a mosquito {Myzomyia 

 rossii) . 



Some experiments on larvicides, R. Ross and E. S. Edie {Ann. Trap. Med. 

 and Par., 5 {1911), No. 3, pp. 385-390). — The results of experiments with a 

 number of larvicides, in each of which about 50 larvse of Culex pipiens were 

 used, are reported. 



A larvicide prepared by dissolving resin in crude carbolic acid, and treating 

 the solution with caustic soda gave the following results : " One part larvicide 

 in 500 parts of water killed 80 per cent of the larvfe (C. pipiens) in 2 hours, 

 and the remainder in 3^ hours. One part larvicide in 1,000 parts of water 

 killed 70 per cent of the larvse in 4 hours, and most of the remainder by next 

 morning (18 hours). One larva, however, lived in this solution for 22 hours. 

 One part larvicide in 2.000 parts of water killed about 30 per cent of the larvae 

 in 6 hours, but the rest of the larvae were killed very gradually, some surviving 

 for about 50 hours." 



In an experiment with an emulsion called " Sanitas-Okol " which appears to 

 contain a large proportion of phenols and allied compounds, and when much 

 diluted mixes well with water, a dilution of 1 in 5,000 killed 50 iier cent of the 

 larvae in If hours, and all but 3 in 3* hours, the Jast 3 being dead in about 5 

 hours. One part Sanitas-Okol in 10,000 parts of water killed all the larvae 

 except 2 in 6 hours, the last 2 dying in the course of the night. 



One part cyanid in 240,000 parts of water killed all the larvae in the course 

 of a night or in less than 16 hours from the time the cyanid was added. One 

 part cyanid in 303,000 parts of water killed about 50 per cent of the larvae in 



