ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 561 



the character and extent of the insect damage; tlie principal depi'edators, 

 namely, the mountain pine beetle, western pine beetle, Jeffrey pine beetle, 

 Douglas fir beetle, red turpentine beetle, Eugelmann spruce beetle, and Black 

 Hills beetle; favorable and unfavorable conditions for the beetles; and general 

 methods of control. 



Dysentery in bees and Nosema apis, F. R. Beuhne {Jour. Dept. Agr. Vic- 

 toria, 9 (1911), No. 8, pp. 550, 551). — The author states that microscopical 

 examinations of bees from all parts of Victoria have shown that JV. apis is 

 present in some bees in nearly every apiary, even in localities where losses 

 have never occurred and where colonies are in a prosperous and highly produc- 

 tive condition. 



Recent publications on the occurrence of, and experiments with, N. apis in 

 bees in Germany, by W. Hein and A. Maassen, are briefly reviewed. 



On the biology of Phryg'anea grandis, C. Wesenberg-Lund {Internat. Rev. 

 Gesam. HydrobioL u. Hydrog., 4 {1911), No. 1-2, pp. 65-90, pis. 2; abs. in Jour. 

 Roy. Micros. Soc, 1911, No. 6, pp. 150, 751). — An account of studies of the 

 life history and habits of the caddis-fly, P. grandis. 



Avian cestodes, P. Solowiow {Ccntbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., 60 {1911), 

 No. 1-2, pp. 93-132, figs. 26; abs. in Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc, 1911, No. 6, p. 760).— 

 The author deals with MonopyUdium infundibulum from a fowl to which he 

 had fed from 15 to 20 house flies {Musca domestica) daily, thus corroborating 

 Grassi's view that the fly is the intermediate host of this tapeworm. Hymeno- 

 lepis villosoides n. sp., //. megarosteJlis n. sp. (?), and Aploparaksis fuUgulosa 

 n. sp. are described from Fuligula cristata. The author also describes 

 ScMstocephahis dimorphus taken from Podiceps nigricolUs. 



A bibliography of 126 titles is appended. 



The efficacy of carbolineum as an insecticide, E. Molz {Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 

 2. AU., 30 {1911), No. 7-12, pp. 183-203, pis. 4).— This paper presents the re- 

 sults of investigations of the value of carbolineum as a contact poison in com- 

 bating (1) scale insects {Diaspis piri and Aspidiotus ostrewformis) ; (2) the 

 woolly apple aphis; (3) the grape vine gall mite {Eriophyes vitis) ; (4) the 

 cabbage worm {Pieris brassicw) and brown tail moth; (5) also as a stomach 

 poison for caterpillars of the brown tail moth; (6) as a repellent for cater- 

 pillars; and (7) for subterranean insects. 



Dosage tables, C. W. Woodwoeth {California Sta. Bui. 220, pp. 33, pi. 1, 

 figs. 3). — This is the fifth of a series of fumigation studies conducted by the 

 author (E. S. R.. 11, p. 64; 15, p. 384; 16, p. 77; 23, p. 265). 



" The study of the leakage of fumigation tents has now reached the point 

 where it becomes possible to present tables of dosage so calculated that there 

 may be approximately equal killing power under tents of varying degrees of 

 leakage. If it were possible to figure on the tent always maintaining the 

 same degree of leakage, a single dosage schedule would be sufficient, though 

 different tents might not require the same schedule. The fact is, however, 

 that variation in leakage proves to be the most important factor to be con- 

 sidered, and as long as it is neglected will result in errors in dosage several 

 times gi'eater than those that are liable to occur through mistakes in guessing 

 the size of a tree, which heretofore has been supiwsed to be the most important 

 cause of irregularity in results secured." It is stated that the full explanation 

 of the method of calculation of the leakage factor and the detail of the experi- 

 ments upon which it is based will be given in another bulletin. 



" Only the very wide margin of safety, permitting the use of gas very much 

 stronger than necessary to kill the scale insect, has enabled fumigators to 

 obtain fairly uniform results, notwithstanding the variation in loss of gas 

 through the tent. When trees are dosed according to leakage it will probably 



