DAIRY FABMTNG DAIEYTNG. 575 



A review of practical methods for supervising the milk supply of cities, 

 J. B. Thomas {Jour. Amer. Pub. Health Assoc, 1 (1911), No. 11, pp. 798-807).— 

 The different methods of collecting samples, keeping records, and supervising 

 dairy farms are discussed. 



A summary of milk regulations in the United States, E. H. Schobee 

 (Jour. Amer. Pub. Health Assoc, 1 (1911), No. 11, pp. S// 7-856). —The state and 

 urban official regulations concerning the sale of milk are discussed from the 

 standpoint of efficiency in increasing the supply of clean milk. 



Practical municipal milk examinations, D. M. Lewis (Jour. Amer. Pub. 

 Health Assoc, 1 (1911), No. 11, pp. 778-782).— A discussion of the results of 

 testing milk for streptococci, pus cells, dirt, and blood. 



An outbreak of tonsilitis or septic sore throat in eastern Massachusetts 

 and its relation to an infected milk supply, C. E. A. Winslow (Jour. Infect. 

 Diseases, 10 (1912). No. 1, pp. 73-112, figs. J). — This outbreak, which occurred 

 in 2 different districts, was thought to be due to a carrier case. There was 

 no well-defined case of tonsilitis among the dairy employees, although it oc- 

 curred in the families, and the farms and cattle were systematically inspected 

 by an expert veterinarian. 



" The lesson to be drawn from the outbreak is that even a most carefully 

 supervised milk supply is open to the danger of grave infection from carrier 

 or unrecognized cases of disease. The only real safeguard against such catas- 

 trophes lies in pasteurization, carried out by the holding system and preferably 

 in the final packages. 



" Numerous outbreaks of similar throat disease have occurred in Great 

 Britain, and have been clearly traced to infected milk supplies. From the 

 English experience it appears that ' septic sore throat ' is by no means rare as 

 a milk-borne infection ; and sanitarians in this country must add this to the 

 list of dangers that surround a raw milk supply." 



The Society of American Bacteriologists (Science, n. ser., 35 (1912), No. 

 893, pp. 222-2^0). — These pages consist of abstracts of some of the papers read 

 at the Washington meeting, December, 1911, which relate to dairy bacteriology. 



A comparison of streptococci from milk and from the human throat, E. C. 

 Stowell and C. M. Hilliard (p. 223). — ^A study of a method for distinguishing 

 between organisms isolated from these 2 sources led to the following conclu- 

 sions : 



" Streptococci from the human throat and from milk very generally ferment 

 one or more of the sugars, dextrose, lactose, and saccharose, attacking them 

 m(»st readily in the order named. They do not generally ferment raffinose or 

 mannite. The streptococci of the sore and the normal throat show no cultural 

 differentiation in relation to the carbohydrates used. Virulence tests would 

 perhaps have separated the 2 groups. Milk streptococci are much more 

 facultative than throat strains in relation to the temperature at which they 

 are grown. This is, perhaps, the most valuable information obtained as a 

 differential feature between chained cocci from the 2 sources." 



A study of thirty-fivo strains of streptococci isolated from samples of milk, 

 G. F. Ruediger (p. 22S) .—Streptococcus lacticus could be differentiated from 

 S, pyogenes by means of blood agar plates, and has no sanitary significance 

 as it is found in nearly all samples of clean, soured, or fresh milk, and very 

 often in the healthy milk ducts. S. pyogenes, on the other hand, is indicative 

 of the existence of the inflamed condition of the udder of the cow. 



A biometrical study of milk streptococci, J. Broadhurst (pp. 223. 224). — A 

 comparative study of carbohydrate fermentation reactions based on streptococci 

 isolated from milk plates made from samples of commercial milk in New York 

 City. One hundred strains were isolated. 



