ANIMAL, PRODUCTION. 665 



or 0.5 lb. of true protein per 1,000 lbs. of live weight represents the minimuui 

 protein requirement of mature cattle, with a probable range of 0.1 or 0.2 lb. 

 either way under varying conditions. For actual maintenance feeding it is 

 probable that a somewhat more liberal supply of protein would be advisable. 

 For sheep the estimate is 0.55 lb. With 2 swine the nitrogen excretion was 

 equivalent, respectively, to 0.44 and 0.35 lb. of protein per 1,000 lbs. of live 

 weight, or about the same amounts which appeared to be required for cattle 

 and sheep, but no experiments are on record to demonstrate the sufficiency of 

 this amount as a maintenance ration. In the experiments with horses the 

 crude protein digested was equivalent to 0.59 lb. per 1,000 lbs. live weight. 



These data indicate a striking uniformity in the minimum requirement of 0.4 

 to 0.6 lb. per 1,000 lbs. live weight to maintain nitrogen equilibrium under 

 favorable circumstances for the different Species. With an excess of protein 

 in the feeds it seems to be a comparatively simple process to transform It into 

 a nonnitrogeiious fuel material, with but slight loss, getting rid of the useless 

 nitrogen as urea in the urine. Hence on a high protein ration the protein can 

 serve as a source of energj-, but on the whole a considerable surplus of protein 

 over the minimum requirement has not been proved to be of any material 

 advantage. 



Investigations thus far have not shown that nonprotein nitrogen has any 

 material value for production purposes, and the conclusion is reached that for 

 the present, pending further investigation. It is desirable to consider ordinarily 

 only the digestible true protein in the computation of rations for productive 

 purposes. The percentage of amino acids in the different proteins which have 

 been studied are presented, in tabular form and their significance discussed. 

 In the synthesis of proteins in the animal body it is pointed out that the pro- 

 portions of the different cleavage products in the protein of the feed is a matter 

 of great imix>rtance, although future work may show the possibility that one 

 amino acid may be transformed into another in case of need. 



Commercial feeding- stuffs, E. H. Jenkins and J. P. Street {Connecticut 

 State 8tii. Rpt. 1911, pt. 3, pp. 219-236, 238-255, 258).— Analyses are reported 

 of cotton-seed meal, linseed meal, wheat by-products, red dog flour, gluten feed, 

 homuiy feed, corn meal, cob meal, rye middlings, buckwheat middlings, oat 

 hulls, ground oats, malt s]n-outs, dried brewers' grains, dried distillers' grains, 

 dried beet pulp, alfalfa hay, alfalfa meal, beef scrap, bean straw, bean pods, 

 and mixed feeds. 



A sample of ears of corn from a crop of 8,435 lbs. of ears to a measured acre 

 yielded 6,690.64 lbs. of shelled corn and 1,744.36 lbs. of cob. The shelled corn 

 contained 27.9 per cent, the cob 43.93 per cent, and the stover 56.87 per cent 

 of water. 



Commercial feeding- stuffs (Bui. Ga. Dept. Agr., 1911, No. 53, pp. 95). — 

 Analyses are reported of rice bran, rice polish, dried beet pulp, beef scrap, 

 wheat pi'oducts, dried brewers' grains, pea meal, alfalfa meal, cotton-seed meal, 

 cracked corn, hominy feed, corn bran, corn chops, poultry feeds, and mixed 

 feeds. 



Inspection of commercial feed stuffs, P. H. Smith, C. L. Pekkins and J. C. 

 Reed (Massachusetts Sta. Bui. 139, pp. 3-32). — This reports analyses of 322 

 samples of commercial feeding stuffs, and includes cotton-seed meal, linseed 

 meal, gluten feed, distillers' dried grains, malt sprouts, brewers' dried grains, 

 rye feed, corn meal, ground oats, rye meal, hominy meal, provender, fortified 

 starchy feeds, dried beet pulp, meat scraps, bone meal, alfalfa meal, cut clover, 

 and mixed feeds. The results of inspection are discussed. A tabular list of 

 wholesale cost of feeding stuffs from January, 1911, to August, 1911, is given. 



