ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 667 



for a considerable time previous to shipment. Hongljoiig has been the chief 

 port on the China coast for shipment of cattle to the Philippines, but can not 

 be relied uixm as a source of healthy cattle. Therefore, importation of cattle 

 and carabaos has recently begun from Timor. There was no evidence of con- 

 tagions animal diseases on the island among the immense herds of carabaos, and 

 it is estimated that it can furnish about 2,000 carabaos for exportation each year, 

 costing in Timor from $20 to $40. The original stock of this cattle is said to 

 have been imported from Java many years ago and of a variety of Bos banteng. 



Studies on the red cattle of Denmark, with special reference to the so- 

 called "dollar" spots, F. Balzek (Studicn ilbcr das diinischc Rotvieh, soicie 

 das Rotrich iihcrhduiil, iiiit bcsondcrer Bcriicksichtif/iinij dcr bci dicsrn Ticren 

 auftretcndcn sogcimnnteii Talcrflcclce und dcrcn Bcnutzung zur DiagnostiJc des 

 SchlacJitwcrfcs. Inaug. Diss., Uiiir. Bern, 1911, pi). //.J, pis. ^). — The author's 

 studies lead him to conclude that Danish red cattle originated from a cross 

 between breeds of Mecklenburg and North Schleswig, they being an entirely 

 different type from the other red breeds of Germany. The colored "stars" in 

 the coat are thought to be a good sign of ability to fatten readily. 



A bibliography is appended. 



Concerning "blue-gray" cattle, E. N. Wentworth (Amcr. Breeder, 5 

 (1912), No. 2, pp. 9, 10, figs. 3). — This is an account of the blue-gray cattle in 

 Great Britain, with a report of an experiment at the Iowa Station in which 

 47 Galloway cows, 24 of which were pure bred, were mated to one white and one 

 roan Shorthorn. 



The average birth weight of the first lot of 24 calves was 68.75 lbs. ; 20 were 

 blue-gray and 20 were polled; 4 were red-roan, 1 of them by the white bull; 

 {'.nd 3 had seurs and 1 had horns. Fifteen sold as a 2-year-old carload, and 

 topped the market on a dull day at $7.25, the average weight being 1,181 lbs. 

 The average gain of steers was 1.69 lbs. per day, and of heifers 1.53 lbs. The 

 heifers dressed 63.79 and the steers 63.87 per cent. 



The second lot of calves were all sired by the white Shorthorn. The average 

 birth weight was 76 lbs. All were blue-gray and polled. The third lot, also 

 sired by the white Shorthorn, averaged 82 lbs. at birth ; all were polled, and all 

 but 1 blue-gray. 



" In conclusion it may be stated that as market animals and as show animals 

 the blue-grays have demonstrated their equality or even superiority, while the 

 opportunity for the use of hardy dams offers hope to countries whose environ- 

 ment has hitherto been considered too rigorous for beef production." 



Breeds of Indian cattle, E. W. Or.iVEn and C. W. Wilson (AJlaliahad, 191t, 

 pp. 26, pis. 17). — This contains descriptions and measurements of breeds of cattle 

 in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. 



Beef prodviction in Pennsylvania, W. A. Cochel (Pouisylvania .s7rt. Bui. 

 112, pp. 3-16, figs. 7). — The author advocates increased attention in Pennsyl- 

 vania to beef production. Suggestions are given concerning the type of steer 

 to feed, methods of feeding, and the value of shelter for steers. These are 

 based on data obtained from experiments at the station, which have been pre- 

 viously noted from other sources. 



[Feeding tests], N. Hansson (Mcddcl. Ceiitralanst. Ffirsoksv. Jordbruksom- 

 rddet, 1911, No. 1,3, pp. 52; K. Landtbr. Akad. Handl. och Tidskr., 50 (1911), 

 No. 6, pp. Jilf6-I{59). — For fattening swine potato flakes had from 9 to 10 per cent 

 higher feeding value than barley, and from 6 to 7 per cent higher feeding value 

 than maize. Gray starch, a by-pi"oduct of starch factories, had about the same 

 feeding value as barley. Soaking maize in warm water did not increase its 

 feeding value. Four kg. of cooked potatoes, containing 2.5 per cent of dry 

 matter, had a higher feeding value than 1 kg. of barley, and about equal to 



