680 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



the suspected animal with a small wad of cotton fastened upon a piece of thin 

 flower wire and jiassed thi-ough a special cauula which has been previously in- 

 serted into the trachea between the intertracheal rings. The material obtained 

 on the swab is used for the bacteriological examination. 



The relative importance of the bovine and human types of tubercle bacilli 

 in the different forms of human tuberculosis, W. H. Park and C. Krumwiede, 

 Jr., ET AL. (Jour. Med. Research, 25 {1911), 2Vo. 2, pp. 3J 5-333). —Continuing 

 previous work (B. S. R., 25, p. 287) the authors have reviewed some of their 

 later results and the results of other workers. 



They now conclude that "bovine tuberculosis is practically a negligible factor 

 in adults. It very rarely causes, pulmonary tuberculosis or phthisis, which 

 causes the vast majority of deaths from tuberculosis in man and is the type of 

 disease responsible for the spread of the virus from man to man. In children, 

 however, tlie bovine type of tubercle bacillus causes a marked percentage of the 

 cases of cervical adenitis leading to operation, temporary disablement, dis- 

 comfort, and disfigurement. It causes a large percentage of the rarer types of 

 alimentary tuberculosis requiring operative interference or causing the death 

 of the child directly or as a contributing cause in other diseases. In young 

 children it becomes a menace to life and causes from 6J to 10 per cent of the 

 total fatalities from this disease." 



The experimental transference of tuberculosis from man to bovine, A. Ebeb 

 (Centhl. Bait, [etc.l, 1. Aht., OHg., 59 (1911), No. 3, pp. 193-36 J,). —The ma- 

 terial utilized in this work was obtained from 15 eases of tuberculosis in man, 



7 of which were pulmonary cases and 8 surgical cases. For comparison 2 

 cases of tuberculosis in boviues were employed. 



The material from the above cases was injected subcutaneously and in- 

 traperitoneally into rabbits and guinea pigs for propagation. Simultaneous 

 subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections were then made into bovines with 

 the material obtained from the guinea pigs and ralilMts. 



The results show that the bacilli reisolated from 3 out of 7 of the lesions 

 produced in cattle by the jmlmonary tuberculous material had the character- 

 istics of the bovine type of bacilhis, although the original material was unques- 

 tionably of the human type. From a granulation case of tuberculosis of the 

 knee joint in a 9-year-old child which contained the human type of bacillus 

 and which was injected into bovines, the bovine type was isolated. 



The vaccination of cattle against tuberculosis, II, T. Smith (Jour. Med. 

 Research, 25 U911), No. 1, pp. 1-33, figs. //). — This article deals with the path- 

 ogenic effects of certain cultures of the human type of tubercle bacillus in 

 calves (E. R. R., 20, p. 1187). 



The results show that " calves may succumb to a tubercular pneumonia, not 

 seen in the spontaneous bovine disease, after an intravenous injection of cer- 

 tain cultures of the strictly human type. The initial rise of temperature 

 usually appears within 10 to 15 days and death may ensue after 1 or 2 

 months. Tuberculosis of both eyes associated with complete blindness may 

 be a result. The culture used in the foregoing experiments, which proved fatal 

 to calves, was rather below than above the average virulence of the human 

 type for rabbits. The sensitiveness to tuberculin may persist in calves to from 



8 to 12 months after an injection of living bacilli of the human type. A second, 

 and a third, larger dose of the same strain is quickly and easily disposed of by 

 the calves which have survived the first dose." 



My method for combating tuberculosis in bovines, W. BUROW (Berlin. 

 Tieriirstl. M'chnschr., 21 (1911), Nos. 30, pp. 637-GJ,5 ; 37, pp. 669-6Q2; aS'm/j. 

 Table, pp. 32). — A general discussion in regard to 1,200 vaccination tests con- 

 ducted with Tuberculosan, a preparation made from several kinds of bacteria 



