682 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Pure culture of Cytorrhyctes vaccinae, J. Siegel (Ccntbl. Bakt. [etc.'], 1. 

 Abt., Orig., 59 (1911), No. 4, pp. JfOG-J/l.'), pis. 2; ahs. in Berlin. Tivrarzth 

 Wchnschr., 28 (1912), No. 2, p. 30). — In the blood aud spleen of vaccine calves 

 cocci were detected microscopically which could be cultivated only with diffi- 

 culty. Enriching methods were almost always necessai-y in order to get them 

 to grow on solid media. The cocci differentiate themselves from others by 

 morphological and biological characteristic-s ; for oxample, they grow best at 

 25° C. aud produce minute cocci in the earlier stages. Under extraordinaiy 

 conditions of nutriment the organisms are converted into the larger forms by 

 the formation of nuicous capsules. The cocci described, large and small, are 

 similar to those known under the name of Cytorrhyctes (Guarnieri) which are 

 obtained by inoculating the cornea of a rabbit with the lymph from cow pox. 



Some additional remarks in regard to the detection of Cytorrhyctes cocci 

 in foot-and-mouth disease, J. Siegel (Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 2S (1912), 

 No. 2, pp. 27-29, figs. 3). — The author reports the results of some further in- 

 vestigations with 4 hearts taken from animals affected with foot-and-mouth 

 disease, 2 of which were fresh and the others recently preserved in formalde- 

 hyde. The Cytorrhyctes cocci wei-e found in all instances. 



A study was also made in regard to making the organisms more visible in 

 their usual localities, that is, in the cells and nuclei of the skin. The best re- 

 sults were obtained with carbol-fuchsin (Ziehl). It was found that in each 

 section examined in which lesions were present the characteristic cytorrhycte 

 was present. The symptom complex of variola and foot-and-mouth disease 

 are compared, and photomicrographs are given. 



Report on the outbreaks of aphthous fever in Pennsylvania in 1908—9, 

 L. Pearson (Pcnn. Dcpt. Agr. Bill. 211, 1911, pp. 72, pis. i.T). — This rej)ort has 

 been previously noted from another source (E. S. R., 25, p. ,381). 



Combating foot-and-mouth disease, F. Wulfp (Berlin. Tierarztl. Wchnschr., 

 27 (1911), No. /fl, pp. 7Ji5, 71/6). — A criticism of the more i-ecent methods pro- 

 posed by Hoffmaim for combating epizootics of foot-and-mouth disease in 

 Germany. 



Dysentery in calves, H. L. Sommer (Amer. Vet. Rev., .'/O (1912), No. 5, pp. 

 626-632). — The author has found polyvalent dysentery serum a good immuniz- 

 ing, as well as a reliable curative, agent, and recommends Its use. 



A new protective and curative medium against calf dysentery, Piorkowski 

 (Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 27 (1911), No. 38, pp. 6'S/)-6-.9i).— Finding that 

 yoghurt bacteria when given per mouth destroy many of the micro-organisms 

 causing dysentery, the author prepared a yoghurt serum which is to be given 

 in 10 cc. injections to calves directly after birth (passive immunity). He finds 

 it still more rational to give the mothers JMaya-yoghurt powder with the food 

 in order to confer active immunity upon them and their offsi:)ring. 



In regard to yoghurt and its prophylactic and therapeutic use against calf 

 dysentery, R. Standfuss (Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 27 (1911), No. 39, pp. 

 705, 706). — This is a comment on Piorkowski's work noted in the article above. 

 The author points out that he, too, is working on the calf dysentery problem, but 

 prefers to administer the highly active yoghurt organisms with the milk to the 

 calves. The use of serum or feeding yoghurt powder is not considered of any 

 value. 



In regard to the use of yoghurt for calf dysentery, Piorkowski (Berlin. 

 Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 27 (1911), No. /y2, pp. 768, 765).— This is a reply to 

 Standfuss in which the author states that his purpose in giving yoghurt bacteria 

 for the preparation of serum is to stimulate the production of opsonins. 



In regard to yoghurt, Standfuss (Berlin. Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 27 (1911), 

 No. JfS, p. 821).— This is a polemic in which the author points out that the 



