742 EXPERIMENT STATION KECOED. 



Commercial apple growing-, C. G. WoonnxRY and W. M. Richards (Indiana 

 Sta. Circ. 30, pp. 3-12.'i, flgs. 72). — This circular discusses in detail the various 

 problems of commercial apple growing in Indiana under the following general 

 headings: History and present status of Indiana apple growing, the young 

 orchard, pruning, orchard management, spraying, and renewal of old orchards. 



An appendix contains information relative to horticultural publications, 

 books, and materials needed by the commercial horticulturist. 



Apple growing in Mississippi, H. C. Thompson {Mississippi Bta. Bui. lift, 

 pp. 15, figs. 5). — A brief popular treatise on apple culture, discussing the future 

 of the apple industry in Mississippi, location and site, soils for apples, varieties 

 to plant, laying out the orchard, buying trees, planting operations, cultivation, 

 orchard cropping, fertilization, pruning, and insects and diseases of the apple 

 and their control. 



Peach culture, C. P. Close, W. R. Ballard et al. {Maryland >ita. Bnl. 159, 

 pp. 111-190, figs. 31). — This constitutes a popular treatise on peach growing in 

 Rlaryland. The phases discussed include natural conditions, soils and soil im- 

 provement, exposure and drainage, nursery and planting operations, pruning, 

 cultivating and cropping young orchards, cover crops, fertilizers, orchard renova- 

 tion, thinning the fruit, orchard heating, harvesting and packing, propagation 

 of peaches, varietal descriptions, estimated data on the cost of growing a peach 

 orchard, and peach diseases and insects and their control. 



Grape culture, F. W. Gladwin {New York State Sta. Circ. 19, pp. S). — This 

 circular contains directions for growing grapes. The phases discussed include 

 location of the vineyard, soils, drainage, preparation of soil, selection of vines 

 and varieties, cross pollination, planting and planting distances, tillage, cover 

 crops, intercropping, fertilizers, manuring, and spraying. 



Variation in the floral structures of Vitis, M. J. Dorset {Bui. Torrcij Bot. 

 Clul), 39 {1912), No. 2, pp. 3~-.52, pis. 3).— In this paper the author brings 

 together some general facts and observations relative to variation in the flower? 

 of Vitis and records in tabular form some studies on the structure and numerical 

 variation in the floral parts of certain species and varieties. A brief bibliog- 

 raphy is appended. 



Summing up the variations, the author concludes that variations in the flower 

 of Vitis as a whole may be grouped into 2 classes: First, meristic, which in- 

 cludes differences in the number of the organs of the flower, and second, func- 

 tional, including variations in the extent of development of the pollen, stigma, 

 and ovules. 



The defoliation of grapes, R. Villepigue {Rev. Vit., 36. {1911). No. 9Jil. pp. 

 724-727, fig. 1). — A summarized account is given of experiments conducted dur- 

 ing the past 3 seasons relative to the value of defoliation as an aid in the 

 destruction of the cochylis and eudemis. 



Where defoliation was not so severe as to interfere with the nutrition of the 

 fruit, it appears to have augmented its weight and sugar content. The applica- 

 tion of sprays was facilitated and in certain cases the attacks of the cochylis 

 were lessened owing to the greater exposure of the vines to the sun. The 

 greatest benefit was derived by defoliating early in the season. The decreased 

 amount of foliage permitted the flowers moistened by rains to dry out and 

 become more perfectly fertilized, hence the dropping of fruit was considerably 

 lessened. Defoliation also appeared, to a certain extent at least, to prevent 

 gray rot among the matured berries. 



The defoliation of grapes, L. Ravaz (Ami. Ecole Nat. Agr. Montpellier, n. 

 ser., 11 {1912), No. 3, pp. 216-2'i5, figs. 2). — ^Au experimental study of the prac- 

 tice of defoliation is reported. 



