ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 757 



scales begiu fippearing in large niimbers, which is the tirst definite spring hatch. 

 It is altogether likely tliat in many cases these are the progeny of the third 

 generation. During the remainder of the summer young scales will be found 

 continuously in considei'able numbers. Eggs will be found at any season of 

 the year, but during the winter mouths the young will appear mostly during 

 the warmer ])eriods." 



Aspidiotiphagiis citrmus, the only parasite thus far reared from the purple 

 scale, has been known to occur in the State since 1891. Although in many 

 sections of the citrus belt where the purple scale occurs little or no trace of 

 the parasite has been found, in certain places parasitism is as heavy as with 

 the red or yellow scale. A. citrirms is a strictly internal feeder, and attacl<s 

 the scale only between the first and second molts. " The age of the scale when 

 growth is stoi»ped by the effects of the parasite, .judging entirely from the con- 

 dition of the scale, appears to be about 40 or 45 days, when the second molt 

 would occur in about 50 or 55 days. During the past 2 years a large number of 

 these parasites have been found, issuing in December." 



Predaceous enemies of this scale include several species of Coccinellidae, 

 especially RJiizobiiis lopanthcp and Scymniis marginicoUis, together witii the 

 larva of Chrysopus and Ilemerobius. Brief mention is made of o otiier si)ecies 

 of Lepidosaphes that occur in California. 



A bibliography of the literature issued subsequent to that listed in Mrs. 

 Fernald's catalogue of the Coccidse (E. S. R., 15, p. 278), ])repared by E. R. 

 Sasscer of the Bureau of Entomology of this Department, is appended. 



On a muscardine of the silkworm not caused by Botrytis bassiana, J. Beau- 

 VEKiE (Reprint from, Rap. Com. Admin. Lab. lifudcs Hole Lyon, l.) [J9ii], pp. 

 31, pi. 1, figs. 13). — The author here presents the results of a study of a dis- 

 «>ase of the silkworm which he finds to be due to B. effusa n. sp. 



'J'he work concludes witli a bibliograjihy of ol titles. 



Fighting the cotton worm (Alabama arg'illacea), W. E. Hinds (Alabama 

 <UA. 8ta. Chrc. 10, pp. 7, p'g. 1). — This is a popular account which furnishes in- 

 formation in regard to the dusting outfit, poisons to be used, time of applica- 

 tion, etc. Particular emphasis is placed upon the importance of being ready to 

 poison witliout delay when the worms appear. 



The control of the codling- moth, A. L. Melander (Washington Sta. Bui. 

 103, pp. .'i-55. figs. //). — This bulletin summarizes the studies conducted since 

 1903, discussing the life history of the codling moth, number and strength of 

 sprayings, the metliod of spraying, the ideal spray outfit and spray poison, rate 

 of reinfestation, the principles underlying calyx spraying, other apple insects, 

 objections to a single sjiray, etc. 



The author recommends spraying with arsenate of lead 1 lb. to 50 gal. of 

 water immediately after the blossoms fall, the application to be completed be- 

 fore the calyx lobes have closed, and using the Bordeaux tyi)e of nozzle as 

 previously advocated (E. S. R.. 22, p. 461). Tests made of ferrous arsenate 

 gave excellent results, with no sign of scorching the foliage. Zinc arsenite 

 also showed advantages. Analyses of commercial samples of arsenate of lead 

 are reported. 



A bibliograi^hy is given of the literature issued subsequent to the publica- 

 tion of Simpson's bulletin in 1903 (E. S. R.. 15, p. .595). 



On a new disease of the caterpillar of Bupalus piniarius, M. Wolff (Mitt. 

 Kaiser Wilhelms Inst. Landir. Bromherg. 3 (1910). ^'o. 2, pp. 69-92, pi. 1).— 

 This is an extended discussion of a disease of B. piniarins, which is transmis- 

 sible by its insect parasites, that resembles grasserie of the silkworm due to the 

 Chlamydozoon bombycis of Prowazek. Two species, C. proitazeki, which at- 



