VETERINARY MEDICINE. 781 



flg. I). — The first paper deals witli the Mallophaga and Siphouaptera, the secoud 

 with the Diptera. Among the parasites considered at some length are the 

 lleas PuJex irritans, Ctcnocephalus canis, and C. felis; the muscids Chrysoniyia 

 inaceUaria and Stomoxys calcitrans; the sarcophagid Sarconefsia chlorogaster; 

 the sheep tick {Alelophagus ovinus) ; the braulid Braula cceca; the oestrids 

 CEstrus oris, Gastrophilus nasalis, and G. pecorum, the ox warble {Hypoderma 

 hovis), and Denuatobia hominis, particular attention being given to the last 

 mentioned. 



A contribution to the knowledg'e of the survival of Bacillus coli and 

 anthrax spores, B. Blsson {Vcntbl. liakt. [ctc.\, 1. Abt., Oriy., J8 {19J1}, Xo. 0, 

 pp. o0o-o09). — The author found that anthrax spores dried upon silk threads re- 

 mained alive for 17 years and were capable of giving rise to a growth pathogenic 

 for white mice. 



The influence of the culture medium on the germination of anthrax spores, 

 with special reference to disinfection experiments, R. T. Hewlett and G. N. 

 Hall {Jour. Hyy. [Vainbridyc\, 11 U911), No. J,, pp. Jp3-Jf80). — "The experi- 

 ments show that a broth medium is quite unsuitable as a test culture medium 

 to determine the vitality of anthrax spores in disinfection experiments, whereas 

 agar is a suitable and delicate medium for the purpose, even when considerable 

 traces of the disinfectant are carried over with the inoculation. 



"The reason for this inefficiency of broth is not obvious. We thought it 

 might be due to the absence of bacillar forms in the sporing material, but the 

 emulsion of spores heated to 80° C. for 15 minutes and then inoculated directly 

 into broth gave good growths. Absence of oxygen might be another factor, but 

 the results were the same when splinters of sterilized wood infected with 

 tinthrax spores were treated. The wood floated on the surface of the broth 

 and so was subjected to a free supi>ly of oxygen, yet no growths were ob- 

 tained in broth when the splinters were soaked in the disinfectants, while 

 good growths were obtained on agar. The control splinters gave good growths 

 in broth. It may be that the anthrax spores are partially devitalized by the 

 action of the disinfectant and that in this condition broth is a comparatively 

 unsuitable culture medium for them. Prolonging the time of incubation of the 

 liroth cultures up to 10 or 14 days makes no difference. If a culture in broth 

 shows no growth in 48 hours, a growth hardly ever appears with more pro- 

 longed incubation. Nor is this superiority of agar over broth as a culture 

 medium confined to the emulsified disinfectants employed in these experiments, 

 for similar results have been obtained with phenol and with formaldehyde, 

 the latter both in the fluid (formalin) and in the gaseous conditions." 



The prevention of anthrax infection due to imported hides and skins, 

 C. W. Ponder {Lamet [Lond()tl^, 1911, II, No. 19, pp. i^^6'6t-/26i).— Previously 

 noted from another source (K. S. R., 2.^», p. 883). 



Protective action of the capsule of the anthrax bacillus, F. Fischoedeb 

 (Centbl. Bald, [eic], h Abt., Oily., 60 {1911), No. 1-2, pp. 1J,2-1.',8).— The 

 author here points out the advantages of using encapsulated anthrax bacilli for 

 shortening the course of the disease. 



Some findings in foot-and-mouth disease, Huntemuller {Centbl. Bakt. 

 [etc.], 1. Abt., Orig., 61 {1911), No. Jf-5, pp. 375-378, pin. 2).— The contents of 

 fresh, unbroken apthae from the lips and tongues of bovines which were present 

 24 hours after the inception of the disease were examined in the hanging drop. 

 In addition to this, sections were made of the tongues of shoats which died of 

 the disease. 



In all cases small globules about the size of the usual cocci were noted which 

 had in their interiors a highly refractive body. On a warm stage it was ob- 

 served that these refractive bodies within the larger of the cells underwent 



