VETERINARY MEDICINE. 783 



No. 3, pp. 271-288). — Tetanus toxin (bouillon) containing from 1 to 2 per cent 

 of formaldehyde, when exposed to a 1/4 ampere Nernst light for from 2 to 3 

 weeks, either lost its toxicity completely or was reduced considerably in strength. 

 When the toxin was in an atmosphere of hydrogen the action of the Nernst 

 light was less effective. Ordinary temperatures (30° C. on the average) were 

 found to affect the tetanus toxin in the same manner, but the process did not 

 p) on quite so rapidly nor was it so complete. AVhen such toxins were placed 

 in a refrigerator containing 3 per cent or more of formaldehyde the activity of 

 the toxins was also affected. The toxins obtained fi'om the various strains of 

 bacilli were found to behave differently as regards resistance, incubation time, 

 and the immmiity which they produced. By injecting guinea pigs and rabbits 

 with toxins treated in the above-mentioned manner, an immunity of high degree 

 could be produced, and which depended upon the production of specific anti- 

 bodies. The toxin of the vibrio, denoted as El Tor V, was weakened con- 

 siderably by exposure to the Nernst light, and particularly in its power to 

 hemolyze the red blood corpuscles. Only slight changes were produced in 

 dii>htheria and dysentery toxins, and none at all in tuberculin. 



Tetanus successfully treated with mag'nesiuni sulphate, W. A. Dykins 

 (Vet. Rec, 2} (1911). 'So. 1213, p. 218). — A description of a case in a heifer 

 calf which was treatetl by giving subcutaneous injections of a st^turated solu- 

 tion of Epsom salts into each side of the neck. Twenty cc. was given in each 

 instance, and the injections were continued for a few days. The owner of the 

 animal had previously administered 2 lbs. of magnesium sulphate per os. 



A new method for distinguishing the bovine type and the human type 

 of tubercle bacillus, P. Chausse (Compt. Rend. Acad. >S'c/. [Paris'], loJf (1912), 

 Xo. 3, pp. I.'i3, I'i'i). — Inhalation tests were conducted with the sputum and 

 caseous material from human and bovine tuberculous subjects and cats and 

 dogs. Certain differences wei'e noted in the nature of the development of the 

 tubercles in the lungs of these animals. The author believes that these differ- 

 ences can be employed for determining what type of bacterium has caused 

 the disease in the respective subjects. The dog can be used to better advantage 

 than the cat for this purpose. 



Tuberculosis and tuberculin, J. Ligniebes {Bid. Soc. Cent. Med. Vet., 88 

 (1911), Xo. 20. pp. .'iSS-Ji36). — After discussing the limitations of the usual sub- 

 cutaneous tuberculin test, the author points out that where a positive reaction 

 is obtained tuberculosis is surely present, but that when the reaction is nega- 

 tive there is no certainty as to whether tuberculosis is present or not. It is, 

 therefore, a good plan to conduct some of the other forms of tuberculin reac- 

 tions, such as the oi)htha]n)ic test, in conjunction with the subcutaneous test. 



In regard to the preparation of tuberculous antigens, A. Calmette and 

 L. Massol (Compt. Rend. tioe. Biol. {Paris], 11 (1911), No. 29, pp. 3U-SU)-— 

 A description is given of a method for preparing antigens for use in the com- 

 plement fixation reaction which are capable of combining with the various 

 groups of antibodies contained in the serum of tuberculous subjects. 



A method for isolating and cultivating the Mycobacterium enteritidis 

 chronicae pseudotuberculosae bovis, Johne, and some experiments on the 

 preparation of a diagnostic vaccine for pseudo-tuberculous enteritis of 

 bovines, F. W. Twort and G. L. Y. Ingram (Proc. Roy. Soc. [London], Ser. B, 

 8.'f (1912), No. B 515, pp. 511-5Jf2). — From the experiments detailed in this 

 paper, the authors find it possible to deduce certain conclusions, the most im- 

 portant of which are as follows: 



" The acid-fast bacillus present in eases of pseudo-tuberculous enteritis of 

 bovines, and known as Johne's bacillus, fails to grown outside the animal body 

 on any of the artificial media at present used by bacteriologists. The bacillus 



