VETERINARY MEDICINE. 785 



the ;ii)nearimce of a spermatozoon, with au ovoid body from 6 to S ^a long aud a 

 flagellum of from 30 to 55 /». 



'• Tlie protoplasm of tlie body showed but little differeutiatiou aud was cov- 

 ered by a cuticle. The organism was slow in its movements, and together 

 with its associated micx'obes lived for a long time in pure water and in sugared 

 bouillon, especially at the bottom of the glasses in which the scrapings from 

 the ulcers had been collected. [The author] did not succeed, however, in either 

 inoculating it or cultivating it. Repeated examinations of hanging drop 

 preparations made for a perioti of some days did not reveal the least multi- 

 plication of the organism. At the end of 3 months the flagellum fell away. 

 The body of the organism still remained visible in the bouillon for some time, 

 aud then in its turn became disintegrated. 



" This organism evidently represents a flagellate, and seems somewhat similar 

 to the one which Grimm, in 1894, discovered in the pus of pulmonary and 

 hepatic abscesses in a Japanese peasant woman, and which Blanchard desig- 

 nated Monaspyophila, although it does not possess the small flagellum of 

 Monas. . . . Several attempts [were made] to infect rabbits by inoculating them 

 in the vagina with scrapings from the ulcers, and also with the vaginal dis- 

 charge, and in every case failed to transmit the disease, the flagellates only 

 living a few days in the vaginas of the rabbits." 



Bacteriolog'ical finding's with hog cholera, Haendel and Gildemeisteb 

 (Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Abt., Ref., 50 (1911)), Beiheft, pp. i37-i40).— Comment- 

 ing on Gliisser's {Bacillus typhi suis) and Dammann's (B. suipestifer Vol- 

 dagseu) work in regard to the causative agent of hog cholera, the authors give 

 their results of a study of these aud some other related organisms. 



The findings do not agree with any of the work previously reported, and the 

 authors are inclined to believe that the presence of these organisms in cases of 

 hog cholera is due to secondary infection. 



Studies of agglutination reactions in hog cholera during the process of 

 serum production, W. Giltner (Michigan Sta. Tech. Bui. 8, pp. 40)- — On con- 

 tinuing the investigations previously reported (E. S. R., 22, p. 586), it was 

 found that Bacillus cholene suis was present in many cases of hog cholera, and 

 was capable of producing a disease in pigs which is quite similar to hog cholera. 

 On the other hand, a living virus capable of producing hog cholera was found 

 to pass through a Chamberland filter. A filtrate was obtained free from organ- 

 isms demonstrable by the existing methods. 



It was furthermore noted that "the blood of normal (untreated) pigs may 

 agglutinate virulent cultures of B. cholerw suis in dilutions as high as 1 : 250. 

 usually less. The blood of young pigs contains less agglutinin as a rule than 

 that of old pigs. 



" The blood of pigs having hog cholera as a result of virus inoculation may 

 agglutinate B. cholera suis in dilution as high as 1:800 but usually at a less 

 dilution. Here again age is a factor in that old pigs develop more agglutinin 

 than young ones. (Old pigs are likewise more resistant to hog cholera 

 infection.) 



"The blood of pigs treated by the serum-simultaneous method may aggluti- 

 nate B. cholerw suis in dilutions as high as 1 : 500. 



" The agglutination reaction seems to be one of immunity, not of infection, 

 at least, agglutinins develop in connection with immunity but perhaps not as 

 a factor in the condition of immunity. This deduction is based upon the obser- 

 vation that a large percentage of pigs treated by the serum-simultaneous method 

 shows a low agglutinative power, in the event of death, while of those that live 

 50 per cent shows the highest agglutinative power. 



