792 



EXPEEIMENT STATION EECORD. 



inercial capital so employed, and the functions of each as they relate to pro- 

 duction, storage and distribution of wheat are discussed, and illustrated. Other 

 observations are noted pertaining to the mechanism of financing the crop by 

 the farmer, and the various operations affecting the movement of crops by 

 elevator, transportation, and exporting companies. It is noted that the de- 

 velopment of the universal wheat market and the commercialization of the 

 financial and industrial operations which constitute crop movement have 

 materially increased the efficiency of agricultural capital and have enabled the 

 farmer to conduct his business on a scale which without these agencies would 

 be impossible. 



Among the economic results of the development of specialist wheat pro- 

 duction the following phases ai-e more or less discussed : The construction of 

 railways in advance of population into regions known or supposed to be pos- 

 sible wheat-producing areas; the provision of transportation or distributing 

 facilities other than those offered by railways, viz, elevators, docks, steamships, 

 etc. ; the influence of the seasonal movement of crops upon the movement of 

 capital; changes in the value of farm lands; increased economic efficiency of 

 agricultural capital; employment during harvest of a number of laborers in ex- 

 cess of those needed during the remainder of the year ; the growth of small 

 towns and of a class of small merchants; and the necessity of a reserve fund 

 to insure against fluctuation of prices and variation of climatic conditions. 



Floor rules of the Boston Chamber of Cominerce (Boston Chamher Com. 

 Ann. Rpt. 1910, pp. 209-'2Jj-'i). — Rules governing the trade in grain, flour, eggs, 

 butter, cheese, beans, and other produce between members of the Boston Cham- 

 ber of Commerce are here presented. 



Area and production of cereals, 1907-1911, and of flaxseed, 1908-1910, 

 by countries, C. M. Daugherty (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. 8tatis. Circ. 29, pp. 

 18). — In addition to the following table showing area and production of 3 of the 

 leading cereal crops of the world, this circular gives similar data for barley, 

 rye, and flaxseed in the countries named below, together with several other 

 countries for a period of years. ^ 



Area and production of cereals by countries in 1911. 



Country. 



United States . 



Argentina 



Hungary 



Italy 



Roumania 



Spain 



Canada 



France 



Germans 

 England 

 Australia. 



my. 



Acres. 



105,825,000 

 7,945.100 

 0,090,400 

 3,730,200 

 5,152,400 

 1,145,100 

 310,000 



Bushels. 



2,531,488,000 

 27,075,000 

 137,009,000 

 93,837,000 



(«) 

 28,730.000 

 18,707,000 

 (a) 



Wheat. 



Acres. 



40,543, 



15,451, 



8.352, 



11,741. 



4. 709, 



9,705, 



10,374, 



15,044, 



4,878, 



1,804, 



7, 708, 



Bushels. 



621, 

 145, 

 175. 

 192, 



93, 

 148, 

 215, 

 314, 

 149, 



60, 



338,000 

 981,000 

 030,000 

 395,000 

 724,000 

 495,000 

 851.000 

 197.000 

 411.000 

 729.000 

 109,000 



Oats. 



Acres. Bushels. 



37,703,000 

 1,980,200 

 2, 053, 300 

 1,270,500 

 991,900 

 1,208,400 

 9,219,900 

 9,983,100 



10,093,700 



1,841,100 



676, 600 



922.298.000 



47,192,000 



90,151,000 



40,973,000 



26,222,000 



33,858,000 



369,949,000 



304,452.000 



530,764.000 



74.119.000 



15,914,000 



o No oflBcial data received. 



Agricultural statistics, 1911 {Ed. Agr. and Fisheries [Londoni, Agr. Stotis., 

 1/6 (1911), i\o. 2, pp. 103-177). — Notes and statistics showing returns of the 

 crops for 1911, together with a comparison of returns for a number of years in 

 Great Britain and the United Kingdom. The following table shows the acreage, 

 yield, and value of several of the leading crops for 1910-11. The value repre- 

 sents the average market prices for the months of September, October, and 

 November of each year, as returned under the corn returns act, and the board's 

 weekly return of market prices. 



