FIELD CROPS. 831 



hay or grazing. Full directions for growing these crops and combating their 

 enemies accompany suggestions on the management of pastures and meadows. 

 Data dealing with local grasses and problems and submitted by many of the 

 state experiment stations are appended. 



E-eport on field tripds on the manuring of seeds hay (rye grass and clover, 

 one year's ley), 1910, E. Harrison (Midland Agr. and Dairy Col. Bui. 2, 

 1910-11, pp. 8-15, tahle 1). — Tables present data secured in fertilization tests 

 with rye grass and clover in 20 localities during the 4-year period 1907-1909. 

 Nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia, superphosphate, muriate of potash, sul- 

 phate of potash, and kainit were tested in various quantities and mixtures 

 supplying 20 lbs. of nitrogen, 25 lbs. of phosphoric acid, and 25 lbs. of potash, 

 except that 2 plats received no potash. A table states the average yields fol- 

 lowing each of these applications. 



The author concludes that a greater average profit followed the use of sul- 

 phate of ammonia than that of nitrate of soda, when both were used with 

 superphosphate, and that the profit from sulphate of ammonia was more than 

 3 times as great as that from nitrate of soda when both were used with super- 

 phosphate and potash. A complete fertilizer tested gave a greater profit than 

 an incomplete one. Muriate of potash gave more than twice as great profit as 

 sulphate of potash when applied with sulphate of ammonia and superphosphate. 

 In this mixture it gave somewhat greater profits when applied in March than 

 when applied in April. In some cases kainit brought a greater profit than 

 muriate of potash, but the results were somewhat variable. 



Sulphate of potash with sulphate of ammonia and superphosphate brought 

 about the same returns whether applied in April or in March. Muriate of 

 potash brought somewhat greater returns when applied in March, while kainit 

 brought more than twice as great returns when so applied. The fertilizer 

 mixtures which the author recommends for rye gi*ass and clover are (1) 200 lbs. 

 kainit or (2) 50 lbs. muriate of potash each applied with 100 lbs. sulphate of 

 ammonia and 208 lbs. superphosphate. 



Hybridization investigations with oats and wheat, H. Nilsson-Ehle 

 (Lands Univ. Arsskr., n. ser.. Sect. 2, 5 (1909), No. ?, pp. 1-122).— The results 

 here described are based upon work inaugurated at Svalof in 1900. The author 

 discusses at some length the principles of hybridization and points out the views 

 held by other leading investigators on this subject. The characters of which 

 account was taken in these experiments were the color of the glumes in oats 

 and of the spike and the kernel in wheat, the ligules and type of panicle in 

 oats, and the type of spike in wheat. The reasons for the deductions made are 

 given as based upon the different breeding phenomena observed, and mainly 

 upon the principles of segregation. A list is given of the pedigreed varieties 

 which entered into the investigation. 



The investigations with oats indicated that the dark color of the flowering 

 glumes may be brought about by 2 units which are indistinguishable qualita- 

 tively, and that small gradations of this character, capable of transmission, 

 may be affected by the united action of different units. It is suggested that 

 this may also be true of quantitative characters, and that the numerous trans- 

 missible gradations which certain characters show are the result of the dif- 

 ferent groupings of a comparatively limited number of units. The many trans- 

 missible gradations of the dark color in the glumes of oats, ranging from a 

 dark chestnut brown to a light cinnamon brown, are considered as coming 

 about either as a consequence of combinations of other characters or as the 

 result of concerted action of independent color units. 



From the results of hybridization work continued into the second and third 

 generation, it is concluded that the black, yellow, and gray colors of the glumes 



