ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 857 



districts insect pests recluco the crop uioi-o tlian one-half, the principal pests 

 I)eing the so-called leaf hopper (Idioccrus sp.), which attacks the flower pan- 

 icles, sucking the sap from the pedicels and thus weakening the minute fruits 

 so that they drop off, and a fruit fly which does considerable damage to imma- 

 ture fruits in Luzon. In November a twig borer was noted on mango trees at 

 Santa Mesa, and the same or a similar pest has been observed near San Fran- 

 cisco, Cavite. 



Two maize pests have been observed, one attacking the stem by boring into 

 it, and another, probably the tobacco leaf caterpillar, attacking the developed 

 ears. A small moth has been found defoliating citrus trees at Cagayan, Mis- 

 amis, and larvse of a species of Papilio were noted attacking lemon trees at 

 Daraga, Albay. A bagworm has been found to attack bananas in several 

 localities. Studies of the banana leaf roller have shown that it is parasitized by 

 Chalcis thracis and 2 other hymenopterons and a dipteron. 



A root beetle (Holotrichia vidua) is the most serious cane pest in the islands, 

 in some areas temporarily necessitating abandonment of the field. A red 

 weevil (Spheuophoruf?) has been noticed in Negros canes. A woolly aphid 

 (Oregma Janigera) is troublesome in some areas, and a fulgorid {Pliemce 

 moesta) has been noted on cane in Occidental Negros. The cabbage butterfly 

 (Pieris sp.) is said to have been more or less troublesome on cruciferous crops. 



During the year locusts were reported from something over 100 municipalities 

 and barrios. Serious losses were suffered from rats in cane and coconut dis- 

 tricts. It appears that at least 3 and probably 5 species of rats are concerned 

 with cane and coconut damage. 



Notes on two important parasites of economic insects, A. B. Gahan {Jour. 

 Econ. Ent., J/ (1911), No. 5, pp. 4^3-'/25) .—The author presents biological notes 

 upon TcJenomus quaintaiicci, an egg parasite of the peach tree borer, which 

 was reared from eggs collected at College Park, Md., and ApMdiiis nlgripes, 

 which parasitizes the European grain louse (Macrosiphum granaria). 



The enemies of peas, P. Noel (Bui. Lah. Regional Ent. Agr. [Rouen], 1911, 

 No. 4, pp. 12-Vi; abs. in Internat. Inst. Agr. [Rome], Bui. Bur. Agr. Intel, and 

 Plant Diseases, 2 (1911), No. 11-12, p. 2626).— The author lists 26 insect 

 enemies. 



Cranberry insects, H. J. Franklin (Ann. Rpt. Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' 

 Assoe., 2'i (1911), pp. 20-25). — The work of the year with insect pests was 

 largely devoted to the fruit worm (Mineola vaccinii) and black-headed cran- 

 berry worm or fireworm (Endcniis vacciniana). 



Spraying for the fireworm as previously recommended (E. S. R., 21, p. 150) 

 is said to have been nearly universally successful. The density of the vines 

 has been found to be an imiwrtant factor, not hitherto recognized, in dealing 

 with the fireworm. Thick vines shade the eggs laid on the lower leaves with 

 the result that the hatching period is often so much prolonged that there is no 

 period during the year when the eggs of either the first or second brood are 

 not present in considerable numbers. 



It is stated that if a bog is winter flowed and not reflowed at all in the spring 

 and not sprayed with arsenical poisons, thin vines are as likely to become ip- 

 fested with the fireworm as are thick ones. If the bog is regularly reflowed 

 only once after about May 25, it is apparently much more likely to become 

 infested if it has thick vines. " It is evidently a very difficult matter to free a 

 heavily vined bog from this insect or even to keep it from doing very serious 

 injury year after year, either with water or with poison. On the other hand, 

 as far as my observation goes, this insect can easily be controlled and kept 

 from doing any considerable injury on a thinly vined bog either by spraying 

 with arsenate of lead or by reflowiug once. This insect only rarely gets into 



