VETERINARY MEE^ICINE. 887 



In addition, intermediate viruses were noted wliich could not be classified 

 into one or the other of 2 fixed types. As there was an essential unity of char- 

 acteristics present in all the mammalian viruses examined, it is believed that the 

 differences observed were differences of degree and not of kind ; that is, such 

 differences as luxuriance of growth and intensity of tissue changes. When 

 mammalian and avian viruses were compared, however, there were noted 

 differences not only of degree but of kind. The growth of the avian bacillus 

 could be differentiated without any trouble from the mammalian bacillus by 

 the nature of its growth. 



" The animals yielding cultures for the bacteriological work and the tissues 

 for the histological investigations were bovines, rabbits, rhesus monkeys, chim- 

 panzees, baboons, lemurs, swine, guinea pigs, goats, dogs, cats, rats, mice, 

 horses, fowls and parrots." 



The newer staining- methods, I, S. Rosenblat {Centbl. Bald, [etc.], 7. Ah*., 

 Oriff., 58 (1911), No. 2, jip. 173-192).— The author concludes that a combination 

 of 2 stainings according to Zeihl's and Gram's procedure gives a better picture 

 in regard to the finer structure of the tubercle bacillus than the preparations 

 obtained by either the Much or Gasis method. 



Investig-ations in regard to bovine tuberculosis, Xiebeble (Ztschr. Fleisch 

 u. Milchhyg., 21 {1911), Nos. 11, pp. 839-352; 12, pp. 3S0-3S9, pis. 2; 22 (1911), 

 No. 1, pp. 12-21). — This is a report of an extensive investigation of bovine 

 tuberculosis which has special reference to meat hygiene. The article con- 

 siders particularly softened tuberculous areas and the tuberculous bronchio- 

 pneumonic processes. The article is illustrated with photomicrographs of 

 pathological preparations. 



Tuberculosis of the central nervous system of bovines, S. Hjortlund 

 (Ztschr, Fleisch ic. Milchhgij., 22 (191J), No. 1, pp. 5-12). — Tuberculosis was 

 found to occur quite frequently in the central nervous system of animals. 

 Although infection of this part of the organism was in most instances accom- 

 panied by a generalized infection, cases were noted where the central nervous 

 system was the only part infected. These atypical cases were always noted In 

 the younger animals. 



A contribution to the study of the alimentary intoxications of the horse, 

 E. MouiLLERON (Rec. Med. V^t., 88 (1911), No. 19, pp. 607-616; abs. in Amer. 

 Vet. Rev., 40 (1912), No. 5, pp. 557-561). — This paper reports upon an intoxi- 

 cation of horses that was caused by feeding beans (Phaseolus lunatus) from 

 Java and Peru, the daily ration consisting of oats 31 kg., corn 4 kg., beans 

 i kg., peat molasses 2 kg., and cut straw 3 kg. 



Three forms of the disease are described: (1) A benign form characterized 

 by anorexia; (2) a more grave form, which is not fatal, localized in the ali- 

 mentary canal with complications of laminitis; and (3) the true intoxication, 

 with nervous symptoms, which nearly always proves fatal. Chemical analyses 

 made of the beans show the presence of phaseolunatin, a hydrocyanic acid- 

 yielding glucosid which under the influence of emulsin is, in the presence of 

 water, decomposed into glucose, hydrocyanic acid, and acetone, the hydrocyanic 

 acid being the cause of the toxic manifestations. As high as 102 mg. of 

 hydrocyanic acid per 100 gm. of the beans was found present. 



On the occurrence of two species of parasites in equine piroplasmosis or 

 biliary fever, G. H. F. Nuttall and C. Strickland (Parasitology, 5 (1912). 

 No. 1, pp. 65-96, pis. 2, figs. Uf). — "Tlie term 'biliary fever' or 'piroplasmosis' 

 hitherto supposed to apply to a specific disease affecting horses, in reality refers 

 to 2 distinct diseases produced by distinct parasites. For convenience sake. 

 and in accordance with the terminology at present in vogue, these 2 diseases 



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