890 EXPERIMENT STATION RECOED. 



by either roup, cliicken pox, or mechanical injury, followed by mixed infection 

 of various organisms. In diphtheritic lesions due to chicken pox a microscopic 

 examination shows the presence of the characteristic cell inclusions of epithe- 

 lioma contagiosum. Epidemics have been observed in which the fowls were 

 affected with both chicken pox and roup at the same time. 



" Lesions similar to roup and diphtheri:i produced by mechanical injury or by 

 infection with pyogenic bacteria can not be transmitted by association. Blood 

 of diseased fowls, when injected intravenously, produces chicken pox. The 

 blood of fowls affected with cTiicken pox has the property of complement fixation 

 to a greater extent than the blood of normal fowls." 



The occurrence of Cheilospirura hamulosa in the United States, B. H. 

 Ransom (Science, n. ser., 3.5 {1912), No. 901, p. 555). — The occurrence in the 

 United States of C hamulosa, a nematode parasitic in the gizzard of the chicken, 

 is recorded for the first time. The collection of the Bureau of Animal Industry 

 of this Department contains specimens collected in Kansas, New Jersey, Dis- 

 trict of Columbia, Ohio, Indiana, and Hawaii. 



Attempts to transmit "fowl pest" by Argas persicus, E. Hindle {Bill. 

 Soc. Path. Exot., 5 (1912). No. 3, pp. 165-167).— " The results have been suffi- 

 ciently definite to show that although Argas is unable to transmit * fowl pest ' 

 yet the virus of the disease remains alive in the gut of the tick for a period of 

 about 9 days. The virus, however, is not able to traverse the wall of the gut, 

 and therefore neither the coelomic fluid nor any other part of the tick except 

 the contents of the alimentary canal become infected." 



RURAL ENOINEERING. 



The state administration of public highways in the United States (Engin. 

 News, 61 (1912), No. 13, pp. 595-598). — This article describes the highway 

 administration in the various States. It is stated that of the 48 States, 26 

 have passed laws providing for some sort of financial state aid for road con- 

 struction, 6 States for advisory and experimental bodies, and the remaining 16 

 States have done little or nothing to promote good roads, except to furnish 

 occasionally convict labor. 



Good roads and how to build them, L. W. Page (Sci. Amer., 106, (1912), 

 No. 11, pp. 236-238, figs. 8). — In this article are pointed out the general need 

 of more systematic road maintenance and administration, the economic impor- 

 tance of studying and utilizing local material, and the essential features in the 

 improved construction of sand-clay, gravel, and macadam roads. 



Bituminous roads and pavements and their materials of construction. 

 P. HuBBAKD (Jour. Franklin Inst., 113 (1912), No. 4, pp. 343-363).— This is a 

 paper presented at the meeting of the Mechanical and Engineering Section of 

 the Franklin Institute, held February 29, 1912, which discusses bituminous 

 earth, gravel, and macadam roads, and bituminous concrete, sheet asphalt, 

 asphalt block and bituminous wood block pavements, and the methods of pre- 

 paring the bitumen for application in each of the above cases. 



[Material and construction of highway bridges and culverts], J. N. Edy 

 (Amer. Thresherman, U (1912), Nos. 9, pp. 56-58; 10, pp. 28, 29; 11, p. 84; 12, 

 p. 48; 1.5 (1912), No. 1, pp. 36-38, figs. 13; Farm and Home [Mass.'\, 33 (1912), 

 No. 694, pp. 320, 321, figs. 4). — The author points out the faulty features of the 

 average highway bridge and culvert construction and of the use of wood as 

 a material, and suggests wherein lie the improvements that will remedy these 

 features. He dwells on the importance of having the work planned and exe- 

 cuted by some one familiar with the requirements of location, material, design, 



