THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



45 



same, and to report such seizure to the mayor or any justice 

 of the peace having juriadictioa in the place; and that it 

 should be lawful for such mayor or justice, either to restore 

 the same, or to cause the same, together with any pens, hur- 

 dles, troughs, litter, hay, straw, or other articles which he 

 might judge likely to have been affected thereby, to be forth- 

 with destroyed or otherwise disposed of in such manner as he 

 should deem proper, or as might be directed in the manner 

 therein-after provided; and any person bringing or attempting 

 to bring any sheep, lambs, oxen, bulls, cows, calves, or other 

 horned cattle into any such market, fair, or open or public 

 place as aforesaid, knowing such sheep, lambs, or cattle to be 

 infected with or labouring under either of such disorders as 

 aforesaid, should, upon conviction thereof, forfeit and pay for 

 each and every such offence a sum not exceeding twenty 

 pounds ; and it was further enacted, that if any person should 

 turn out, keep, or depasture any sheep or lambs infected with 

 or labouring under the said disorder in or upon any forest, 

 chase, wood, moor, marsh, heath, common, waste land, open 

 field, road side, or other undivided or uninclosed laud, such 

 person should, on conviction thereof, forfeit and pay any sum 

 not exceeding twenty pounds ; and provision is by the said 

 act now in recital made with respect to the penalties or forfei- 

 tures thereby imposed, and the recovery and application there- 

 of: And whereas by an act of Parliament passed in the 

 seventeenth year of the reign of her present Majesty, intituled 

 " An act to extend and continue an act of the twelfth year of 

 her present Majesty to prevent the spreading of contagious or 

 infectious disorders amongst sheep, cattle, or other animals," 

 it was enacted, that any person bringing or attempting to 

 bring for sale any horse or any other animal into any market, 

 fair, or other open or public place where animals are commonly 

 exposed for sale, knowing such horse or other animal to be in- 

 fected with or labouring under the disease called glanders, and 

 any person turning out, keeping, or depasturing any horse or 

 other animal infected with or labouring under such disease in 

 or upon any forest, chase, wood, moor, marsh, heath, common, 

 waste land, open field, road side, or other undivided or unin- 

 closed land, should, on conviction of any such offence, forfeit 

 and pay any sum not exceeding twenty pounds ; and it was 

 declared and enacted, that the said act herein first recited 

 should be read and construed as if the now reciting enactment 



were incorporated therein, and all the provisions of the said 

 first recited act with respect to the penalties or forfeitures 

 thereby imposed, and the recovery and application thereof, 

 should be applicable accordingly; and the said first-recited 

 act, as extended by the act now in recital, was continued until 

 the first day of September one thousand eight hundred and 

 fifty-six, or, if parliament was then sitting, until the end of the 

 session of parliament : And whereas the said several acta 

 herein-before recited were, by an act passed iu the twentieth 

 year of the reign of her present Majesty, further continued 

 until the first day of August one thousand eight hundred and 

 fifty-seven, and to the end of the then next session of Parlia- 

 ment, and whereas it is expedient that the said several acts 

 should be extended and further continued : Be it therefore en- 

 acted by the Queen's most excellent Majest}', by and with the 

 advice and consent of theLords spiritual and temporal, and Com- 

 mons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the 

 authority of the same, as follows : 



I. From and after the passing of this act any person expo- 

 sing or bringing or attempting to expose or bring any horsei 

 ox, bull, cow, calf, or other horned cattle, sheep, lamb, or other 

 animal into any market, fair, or other open or public place 

 where animals are commonly exposed for sale, knowing such 

 horse, ox, bull, cow, calf, or other horned cattle, sheep, lamb^ 

 or other animal to be infected with or labouring under the 

 diseases called glanders, pleuro-pneumonia, sheep pox, variola 

 ovina, any or either of them, or any other contagious or 

 infectious disorder; and any person turning out, keeping, or 

 depasturing any horse, ox, bull, cow, calf, or other horned cat- 

 tle, sheep, lamb, or other animal infected with or labouring 

 under the said diseases, any or either of them, or any other 

 contagious or infectious disorder, in or upon any forest, chase, 

 wood, moor, marsh, heath, common, waste laud, open field, 

 road side, or other undivided or uninclosed land, shall, on con- 

 viction of any such offence, forfeit and pay any sum not 

 exceeding twenty pounds; and the said acts respectively 

 herein-before recited shall continue in force and be read and 

 construed as if this enactment were incorporated therein, and 

 all the provisions of the said acts respectively with respect to 

 the penalties and forfeitures thereby imposed, and the recovery 

 and application thereof, shall be applicable accordingly. 



DRILLING OF ROOT CROPS, 



All lands intended for fallow crops should be broken up 

 in a deep furrow after harvest by the strength of three or 

 four horses. It is most essential that a deep furrow raises 

 and exposes to atmospheric vicissitudes a quantity of earth 

 for the use of the succeeding cultivation. During April and 

 May, the land is wrought and cleaned by the usual processes 

 of the plough, harrow, roller, and grubber. Being pulverized, 

 cleaned of weeds and stones, the ridglets are formed 27 or 

 28 inches apart by a heavy deep furrow of the swing plough, 

 drawn by two powerful horses and guided by a skilful 

 ploughman. One furrow is sufficient, and must be deep and 

 wide ; the horses walk well asunder, and for that purpose 

 the main whipple-tree is 5 feet in length, stretching over 

 two drills in width. The farmyard dung lying in a heap in 

 a corner of the field or in the adjoining lane, is spread in 

 the hollows of the ridglets at the rate of IG to 20 loads of 

 one-horse carts, the condition being thoroughly moist, half- 

 rotted, with the fermentation progressing and not extin- 



guished. The ridglets are immediately split by the swing 

 plough and reversed over the dung, the right-hand horse 

 walking in the furrow and the left-hand one travelling on 

 the top of the second drill which the main tree allows, being 

 5 feet in length, and stretching over two ridglets. In re- 

 turning, the horses walk in the furrows of two drills apart, 

 the plough moving in the intervening hollow, and throws 

 a heavy furrow of earth over the right-hand drills which 

 covers the dung from both sides with furrows of soil. The 

 seed is sown among this fresh earth by rutting coulters that 

 penetrate into the ridglet, and deposit the seeds deeply 

 among the fresh-stirred soil. The drills are rolled by a cast- 

 iron roll of about 6 cwt. in Weight. All these processes are 

 done simultaneously on large farms, and as quickly in suc- 

 cession on small extents of ground in cultivation. 



Potatoes are sown in the same preparation, the sets being 

 deposited in the hollows of the drills 9 inches, and pressed 

 into position among the dung by the foot of the person who 



