356 



THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



portion. Soon after calving the two cows gave 18 quarts of 

 milk per day; on the 15th of May 15 quarts per day. j 



Mr. Stansfeld has completely satisfied himself that by 

 the process of fermentation the turnip loses its disagree- 

 able taste, and that his butter is of excellent quality. j 



If I take the supply of turnips, 120 lbs. per day, as re- 

 quisite for the maintenance of my cow, the nutritive ele- 

 ments will be — 



Albumen. Oil. Starch and Sugar. 

 1-98 -264 7-92 

 Reckoning the oil as nsed for respiration, and 

 computing it in proportion of 5 to 2 as com- 

 pared with starch = 'G6 



The food supplied to this cow consists of— 



8-58 



Oz. 



The 13 quarts of milk yielded of butter ... 1360 

 Deduct for moisture, &c 228 



Butter in the skimmed milk estimated as .. 



11-32 

 . -68 



oz. 12^00 

 12 oz. of pure oil in the butter are f lb. = '75 



lbs. 



The oil in the food -59 



The starch and sugar 1294 



Used for animal respiration 858 



4-36 



There appears, then, in this supply of food -59 lb. oil and 

 436 lbs. starch for the production of -75 in the butter from 

 13 quarts per day, the cow's greatest yield. At the time 

 the milk was tested, aftermath hay was substituted for first- 

 crop hay, in equal quantity. This, it will be observed, is 

 decidedly richer in oil. Her produce had lessened to 10 

 quarts per day; her production of butter was 10'50 oz. per 

 day, or of pure oil about 9 oz. ; for the supply of oil the 

 aftermath hay alone would be much more than adequ.ate. 



On examining the adequacy of the food for the supply of 

 albumen for the casein, lbs. 



Ifindthistobe 308 



I assume that in 1201bs. of turnips, 



as required for maintenance, ^ 1'98 

 in a normal state., ., 





110 

 Which, according to Haidlcn'a analysis, will be adequate to 



the supply of 8-60 quarts per day. The supply of mineral 

 substances is in excess. 

 The cow under this treatment gave — 



Soon after calving-, fully 13 quarts per day. 



5 weeks after calving 11^ quarts per day. 



la less than 8 weeks after calving. . 9 quarts per day. 

 and with this there occurred also a loss of weight. 



We find this cow, supplied with food amply rich in every 

 element suited to her wants and purposes, with the exception 

 of the nitrogenous principle only, lowering her condition, and 

 likewise her yield of milk till it approaches a quantity for 

 which her food enables her to supply a due proportion of 

 caaeio. 



About the 20th of April the cow's yield being reduced to 

 9 quarts per day, her food was changed to steamed mixture ; 

 soon after this her yield increased to 11 quarts per day. Her 

 weight April 28th, 9 cwt. ; May 16th, 9 cwts. 141bs., yield of 

 milk 11 quarts. 



1 now introduce the dairy statistics of Mr. Alcock, of Aire- 

 ville, Skipton, who has for some time been practising my 

 method of treatment, with such modifications as are suited to 

 his circumstances. 



During the winter season Mr. Alcock's food consisted of 

 mangel, of which he gave 201bs, per day to each, uncooked ; 

 together with steam food ad libitum, consisting of wheat and 

 bean straw, and shells of oats. 



Lbs per Day. 

 Carob bean and Indian meal, for each .... 3 



Eran and malt combs If 



Bean meal 3^ 



Eapecake* 3 



Of extra food 11^ 



From March 19tb, when his store of mangel was exhausted, 

 he increased his supply of Indian meal to 4Ibs. per day, and 

 omitted the carob bean. 



Duriug the month of January Mr. Alcock obtained from 

 759 quarts of milk 1,323 ozs. of butter, being from each 16 

 quarts 26| ozs.' During February and March, from 7.368 

 quarts of milk, 12,453 ozs. of butter, or from each 16 quarts 

 fully 27 ozs. ; so that rather less than 9^ quarts of milk have 

 produced 16 ozs. of butter. The average produce of cream 

 was 20^ ozs. 



Mr. Alcock fattens his cows whilst giving milk, and sells 

 them whilst giving 4 to 6 quarts per day. He quite agrees 

 with me, that it is far more profitable to buy far-milked cows 

 for fattening ; and obtains, from a change to his food, 2 to 3 

 quarts per day more than the cow had given previously. 



Though Mr. Alcock's cream is not so rich as what I have 

 described in a former Journal, it is more than ordinarily so. 

 His mode of separating his milk from his cream differs from 

 my own, his milk being set up in leaden vessels, from which, 

 on the cream being formed, the old milk is drawn, by taking a 

 plug from a hollow tube with perforated holes in the centre of 

 the vessel. To this difference 1 am disposed in some degree 

 to attribute the less richness of Mr. Alcock's cream. On ex- 

 amiuiug the cream with a spoon, after the dairy-keeper had 

 drawn off the milk, I observed some portion of milk, which 

 would have escaped through my perforated skimmer. 



Mr. Alcock's proportion of butter from milk, which is the 

 matter of practical importance, is greater than what I have 

 shown in a former volume of this Journal, being from each 16 

 quarts of milk 27 ozs. of butter. 



(To be continued.) 



KYLOE CATTLE. 



Scotland possesses only two varieties of cattle that have 

 been settled into breeds, the cattle of the West Highlands and 

 of Galloway, denominated the Argyle and Galloway breeds. 

 The former exist in the largest size iu the county of Argyle, 

 as that country affords the best maintenance throughout the 

 year. The size is lessened over the northern counties of the 

 main land, and the general conformation is impaured ; the bulk 



is further diminished in the Hebridean Islands, and further 

 still in the Orkney and Shetland Islands, which afford the 

 coarsest animals, and those of the Hebrides are more thriving 

 and symmetrical. The Argyle breed and the West Highland 



* The rape-cake used by Mr. Alcock was of foreign manuf.ic- 

 lure, evidently rich in oil, but containing mustard, and on this 

 account supplied in less proportion. 



