48 



THE FARMER'S MAGAZINE. 



acres of turnips, raised by means of artificial manures ouly, aud 

 grown as a second crop, after peas, vetches, rye, &c., and sown 

 after June 20th.— Mr. Caleb (;ater,Town Hill ; 170 roots per 

 rod ; \vei;;ht, 10 tons per acre. Mr. William Warner, Botlej', 

 had 70 roots per rod, weighing 5 tons 15 cwt. per acre. 



A prize of £3, given by Mr. Harris, for the best six acres of 

 mangold wurtzel. — Mr. Thomas Warner, Botley ; 101 roots 

 per rod; weight, 24 tons 1 c*t. 481b3. per acre. Mr. Caleb 

 Gater bad 119 roots per rod, weighing 21 tons 15 cwt. peracr. 



A prize of £2, given by Messrs. Page and Toogood, for the 

 best three acres of mangold wurtzel. — Mr. Joseph Bluudell, 

 Burlesdoii; 87 roots per rod; weight, 37 tons 10 cwt. per 

 acre. Mr. W. Draper, Hound. (Weight not stated in liat). 



A prize of £1, fur the best one acre of mangold wurtzel. 

 Mr. R. Trench, Freehills ; 1 12 roots per rod ; weight, "27 tons 

 11 cwt. 481b8. per acre.— Mr. W. Warner, Botley, had 103 

 roots per rod, weighing 21 tons per acre. Mr. James Withers, 

 Uurley, had 92 roots per rod, weighing 18 tons 17 cwt. 161bs. 

 pes acre. 



A prize of £2, given by W. Warner, Esq., for the best two 

 acres of carrots. — Mr. Croskey, Sanwick, 545 roots per rod ; 

 weight, 23 tons 17 cwt. ItJlbs. per acre. 



A prize of £1 for the best one acre of carrots. — Mr. Joseph 

 Blundell, Bursledon ; 395 roots per rod ; weight, 19 tons 4 

 cwt. 12,1)8. per acre. Mr. R. Trench, Freehills, had 460 roots 

 per rod, weighing 16 tons 1 cwt. 481b9. per acre. 



A prize of SOs. for the best six acres of stubble turnips. — 

 Mr. Joseph Blundell ; 2.")0 roots per rod ; weight, 6 tons per 

 acre. Mr. Thomas AVarner commended. 



A prize of ISs. for the best three acres of ditto. — Mr. Joseph 

 Blundell ; 170 roots per rod ; weight, 5 tons 8 cwt. 641b3. per 

 acre. Mr. R. Trench commended. 



A prize of 153. for the six heaviest swedes. — Mr. Pullenger, 



Curdridgc; 6 roots, weighing 631ba. Mr. Dickuuou, New 

 Park, had six roots, weighing 571b3.— Mr. C. J. Gale, Kit- 

 nocks, had six roots, weighing 491b8. 



A prize of 10s. for the six best-shaped swedes. — Mr. Pul- 

 linger, Curdridge. 



A prize of 10s. for the six best-shaped Skirving swedes. — Mr. 

 George Hunt. 



A prize of 10s. for the six heaviest turnips. — Mr. James 

 Withers, Durley; six roots, weighing 621b3. Mr. William 

 Hooper, Hound, six roots, weighing 481b3. 



A prize of 10s. for the best-shaped greeu round turnips. — 

 Mr. James Warner, Cnrdridge. 



A prize of 53. for the six best-shaped white round turnips. 

 — Mr. James Withers, Durley. 



A prize of Ss. for the six best-shaped red round turnips. — 

 Mr. Longman, 



A prize of 5s. for the six heaviest stubble turnips. — Mr. 

 Sillecce, Compton ; 6 roots, weighing 191bs. Mr. Blundell, 

 Bursledon, had six roots, weighing 131Li3. 



A prize of 10s. for the six heaviest red mangold wurtzel. — 

 Mr. Dickinson, New Park; six roots, weighing 961b8. Mr. C. 

 H. Gater, Town Hill, had six roots, weighing 901b3. Mr. 

 Charles Pink, Wood Eud, had six roots, weighing 841bs. Mr. 

 George Hunt had six roots, weighing SOlbs. 



A prize of lUs. for the six heaviest yellow mangold wiirtzel. 

 — Mr. Dickinson, New Park ; six roots, weighing 1201b3. Mr. 

 Blundell, Bursledon, had six root?, weighing IHlbs. Mr. 

 Rose, Tottou, had six roots, weighing 91Ib3. 



A prize of lOs. for the six heaviest carrots. — Mr. Jonas, 

 Bishop's Waltham ; six roots, weighing 26.^1b9. Mr. Dickin- 

 son, New Park, had six roots, weighing 24rb3. Mr. Blundell, 

 Bursledon, had six roots, weighing 231b3. Mr. T. Warner, 

 Botley, had six roots, weighing 221bs. 



DAIRIES AND BONE MANURE. 



It was a wise saj'ing tliat he who made two blades of 

 f^rass to grow in the place of one was a benefactor to man- 

 kind. Tlie Cheshire dairy farmer, bj' the free use of bone 

 mannro, laid on his grass lands, makes his farm, which at 

 one time, before the application of bone manure, fed only 

 20 head of cows, now feed 40 ! 



In Cheshire two thirds or more, generally three fourths, 

 of a dairy farm are kept in permanent pasture, the remainder 

 in tillage. Its dairy fanners are commonly bound to lay the 

 whole of their manure, not on the arable, but on the grass 

 land, purchasing what may be necessary for the arable- 

 The chief improvement, besides drainage, consists in the 

 application of bone manure. In the milk of each cow, in 

 its urine, in its manure, in the bones of each calf reared and 

 sold off, a farm parts with as much earthy phosphate of lime 

 as is contained in half a hundred weight of bone dust. 

 Hence the advantage found in returning this mineral ma- 

 nure by boning grass lands. It is considered that draining 

 and boning four acres of land will yield such an additional 

 quantity of grass that eacli acre so treated will summer one 

 cow. But if land be not boned, and of similar quality to 

 that 'which has been boned, tw^o acres are generally, in 

 Cheshire, required to keep one cow in summer. 



The quantity of bones now commonly given in Cheshire to 

 an imperial acre of grass land is about 1"2 or 15 cwts. Tiiis 

 dressing on pastured land will last seven or eight years; 

 and on mowed about half that period. But the grass land 

 once boned and kept under pasture is never so exhausted as 

 to be as poor as it was before the application. All the bi't- 

 ter sorts of grasses— cow-grass, clover, ai.d otlicrs — spring 

 up in the place of the more worthless. 



In Cheshire it is found most beneficial to use raw bones 

 that have never been boiled. When bones are boiled the 

 gelatine and other valuable properties are extracted. The 

 raw-broke bones are richer as a manure, and their effects on 

 the grass last much longer. These raw bones are ground by 

 machines into a fine powder, probabl}' the size of a pea, and 

 in this state are strewed over the grass field. The present 

 price of raw-broken bones is from £7 to £8 per ton. 



The example set in Cheshire by its dairy farmers in using 

 so largely bones on their grass lands, their application of 

 bones as top dressing to grass, has been found so very bene- 

 ficial as nearly to double the number of cows kept in that 

 county ; and the weight of cheese having also been nearly 

 doubled within a few years from this boning their grass 

 lands, ought to encourage the dairy farmers of Ayrshire to 

 imitate this management of boning their pastures. 



It might be well worth the attention of the Ayrshire 

 Agricultural Association and other county fiirming societies 

 to oiler premiums to thoae dairy farmers who top dressed a 

 given number of acres of their grass lands with broken raw 

 bones. • By this means the use of boning would be intro- 

 duced, and great benefits result in augmenting the annual 

 make of cheese and butter. It would also be most desirable 

 to encourage the erection of small steam or water mills to 

 crush the raw bones in different parts of Ayrshire. The 

 expense of erecting one would not be great ; and wherever 

 there is a saw mill, the same wheel that drives its machinery 

 might also drive the roller.^ that are employed for crushing 

 bones. Tu Cheshire these bone mills are spread all over the 

 county, aud thus the farmers can ea.sily obtsin the crushed 

 bones. 



