90 KXl'ElllMENT STATIOK RECORD. 



fur iu the new iihiii, and (4) boenusc a c-liaiip' rrcciiiciii l\ icqnin-s a ivadjusl- 

 lueiit of many of the usual ways of thinkiuK and ddiii}^. 



"In rephinning the farm. holi» may be obtained from visits to successful 

 farms, from farm literature, agricultural ])ai)ers, the state experiment st.itions, 

 the agricultural colleges, the United States Department of Agriculture, and 

 from agricultural experts. 



" The farm cau be as successfully planned as other businesses are, provided 

 the plans are made to cover average conditions over a period of years. 



" Profitable farming results from good farm plans comprehending every fea- 

 ture of the farm carefully coordinated and effectually carried out. 



"A good farm plan provides (1) a reasonable i-eward for the capital and 

 labor invested and (2) the maintenance or increase of soil fertility, and (3) it 

 must be v,-ithin the comin-ehension and ability of the owner to carry out. 



"The income from the same farm cau often be doubled or trebled without 

 increased exi)ense by adopting a system of farming suited to the land, the 

 locality, and the owner." 



Landowner and tenant, J. N. McBride {Breeder's Oaz., 56 {1909), 'No. 13, 

 p. 686). — The evils of the present tenant system on farms are pointed out in 

 this article, and the organization of farm stock companies between landowner 

 and tenant with the rights of each carefully defined by contract is advocated. 

 It is believed that this plan would secure to the tenant the rewards of his invest- 

 ment and the maximum value of his labor, while the landowner would receive 

 the maximum return on the land, maintain the fertility of the soil, and retain 

 an equal voice in the management of his own farm. 



The problem of small landownership, L. X. Modona {Atti R. Accad. Econ. 

 Agr. Georg. Firense, 5. ser., 6 {1909), No. 3-.'t, pp. 319-408). — This article reviews 

 the history of legislation in France, Belgium, Denmark, England, Norway, 

 Australia, New Zealand, and Italy with regard to changes in land owning and 

 particularly with reference to small holdings. The progress which has been 

 made b.v the governments of the different countries for the encouragement and 

 protection of small landowners and their families is described in detail. The 

 study of the American homestead system and its adoption with certain modi- 

 fications to meet rural conditions iu Italy and other European countries are 

 advocated. The results of legislation in the different countries are shown to 

 have improved agricultural conditions, prevented rural depopulation, and pro- 

 moted national welfare. 



An extensive bibliography relating to agrarian legislation in various countries 

 is included. 



The operation of the small holding's act during- 1908 {Jour. Bd. Agr. 

 [London], 16 {1909), No. 7, pp. 575-579). — "The result of the first year's work 

 since the small holdings and allotments act, 1907, came into operation, has 

 been that 23,285 applications have been received by county councils for 373,601 

 acres ; that 13,202 applicants have been approved provisionally as suitable : 

 that the estimated quantity of land required for the suitable applicants is 

 185,098 acres; that 21,417 acres have been acquired by county councils, of 

 which 11,346 acres have been purchased for £370,965, and 10,071 acres leased 

 for total rents amounting to £11,209; that the land acquired will provide for 

 about 1,500 of the applicants; and that 504 of them were in actual possession 

 of their holdings on December 31, 1908." 



Government loans in Bussia, J. W. Ragsdale {Daily Cons, and Trade Rpts. 

 [U. 8.1, 1909, No. 3619, p. 6). — The principal stipulations of a new project for 

 furnishing credit for agricultural and agrotechnical purposes in Russia are 

 reported. 



The ministry of agriculture is to be allowed $1,030,000 annually for 10 years 

 as a special fund from which loans will be made for: (1) Agricultui-al im- 



