VETERIlSrAKY MEDICINE. 185 



organ which is ordinarily liable to infection was diseased in 2 or more cases. 

 In 17 of the cases which were only slightly infected the diseased portions wei-e 

 removed and the remainder used for food, but 2 had so many internal organs 

 affected that they could not be safely used for anything but lard, and 3 had 

 the disease so generalized throughout the body as to be unfit for domestic uses 

 of any kind. None of the hogs had been with the tuberculous cattle more than 

 7 weeks and all were slaughtered in Si months from the time they were first 

 put with the cattle. Of a check lot of 6 smaller and less thrifty pigs fed in a 

 dry lot on corn alone, all were found to be free from any signs of the disease. 

 Brief mention is made of an experiment previously noted (E. S. R., 19, p. 377), 

 which showed that hogs fed milk containing virulent bacilli of bovine tubercu- 

 losis are very certain to become quickly and seriously infected with the disease. 



In part 3 (pp. 388-390), W. J. Kennedy and W. Diusmore report that from 9 

 cows retained from the tuberculous herd at the college and held under quaran- 

 tine, 6 calves wei-e reared. All were allowed to nurse their dams about 

 months and were then weaned and tested. But 1 calf developed tuberculosis 

 and this was from a dam far advanced in the disease. 



The combined tuberculin test for cattle, A. R. Littlejohn (Jour. Gompar. 

 Path, and Titer., 22 {1909), No. 3, pp. 217-237).— The details of a comparison 

 of the simple conjunctival test, the subcutaneous or general test, and the com- 

 bined test are reported in tabular form. 



Of 64 cows that were tested, 26 reacted as tuberculous to the subcutaneous 

 test. -Of these, 3 failed to give any conjunctival reaction before the subcu- 

 taneous injection, and 7 gave a very slight reaction. All the. 26, however, gave 

 a conjunctival reaction after the subcutaneous injection. One cow out of the 

 64 tested gave a marked conjunctival reaction before and after the subcu- 

 taneous injection, but failed to react to the subcutaneous test. In a study 

 made of the 26 which reacted it was found that the instilled eye gave a positive 

 reaction most commonly on the fifth day, there being fewer nonreacters and 

 the largest number of marked reacters on that day. Studies of the results 

 at the ninth, twelfth, and fifteenth hours after the subcutaneous injection 

 showed that the instilled eye gave a marked reaction at the fifteenth hour in 

 every case but one, and that case had been marked at the ninth hour, and 

 also that about half the cases gave a muco-purulent reaction throughout the 

 ninth, twelfth, and fifteenth hours. 



From these tests it is concluded that the simple conjunctival test does not 

 appear to be as reliable as the subcutaneous test, but that the combined con- 

 junctival test is apparently quite as reliable. 



Researches on the immunization against tuberculosis, H. Vallee (Ann. Inst. 

 Pasteur, 23 (1909), Nos. 8, pp. 585-603; 9, pp. i)6d-676, charts 7).— This is a 

 detailed account of experiments conducted since 1903, in which 166 grown 

 cattle and 500 calves were used. 



The best results were obtained with intravenous inoculation of living 

 tubercle bacilli of a much attenuated strain derived from a horse. The slight 

 virulence of this sti'ain and its complete absorption after inoculation are im- 

 portant factors in the results obtained. Inoculation with killed bacilli never 

 produced satisfactory results. Ingestion of the cultures by the mouth con- 

 ferred temporary immunity, the more complete the younger the animal. Vac- 

 cination by the mouth permitted the young cattle to resist for a year close 

 contact with other cattle with open lung tuberculous lesions, and after 2 years' 

 intercourse with infected animals they presented only insignificant or hidden 

 lesions, while the control animals showed signs of severe and advanced tuber- 

 culosis. 



