1.86 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



This vaccination liy ilio inoutli of llio yonnu; calllo snpplemontod liy the 

 olimiiiatioii of all cattle with ojkmi ti11)orcnlons lesions is thought to open a 

 prosi)e(l for a simple, safe, and certain method of eradication of tuberculosis 

 from cattle. Tlie attempts to hyperinunnni/.e the horse by means, of living 

 tubercle bacilli of human and l)ovine types are thought to be tlie lirst to have 

 been made. Of 11 horses injected in tlie course of 5 years, 3 died accidentally 

 and 4 were slaughtered but no trace of tubeix-ulosis could be detected in any 

 case while the serum of all had evidently acquired limited specific qualities 

 adai)ting it for human vaccination. 



Vaccination of cattle against tuberculosis with nonvirulent bacilli, Klim- 

 MER iZlKchr. Tuhrrkiilosc, J2 (1D08), Nos. 5, pp. 353-883; 6, pp. //87-.I/.S; Centhl. 

 Bald, [rlc], 1. AM., Rcf., .1^3 {1909), No. 1-5, pp. 10-18). — Investigations of the 

 resistance of vaccinated cattle to natural and artificial infection ai-e reported in 

 detail. See also a previous note (E. S. II., 20, p. 4S0). 



Report upon the bacteriology and pathology of garget in cows, W. G. Savage 

 (Ann. Hpt. Local Govt. Bd. [Gt. Brit.}, Sup. Rpt. Med. Officer, 37 {1907-8), pp. 

 359-.'i2Ji; ahs. in Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. [London], 1909, No. 5, p. 627). — The 

 author finds that this affection in cows is due either to streptococci, staphylo- 

 cocci, or Bacillus coli, but chiefly to streptococci of a definite type spoken of 

 as Streptococcus mastidis. The characters of this type are long twisted chains 

 staining by Gram's method and producing acid in milk and clot within .3 days 

 at 37° C. Acid is produced in lactose and in saccharose media, but never in 

 maunite and not usually in salicin, raflinose, or inulin. They are nonpatho- 

 genic for mice on subcutaneous injection. They grow rapidly but readily die 

 out in ordinary broth. Infection apparently arises by an upward invasion of 

 the udder through the teats. 



The prevention of milk fever (Ahs. in Vet. Rec, 21 ( 1909), No. 109J,, pp. 867, 

 868). — Various continental authorities regard the milking out of the cow imme- 

 diately after calving as an imjiortant cause of milk fever. Siegel, of Norway, 

 advises that the cow should not be milked by hand at all, the calf being left to 

 suck. Sahlmann and Dommerhold, district veterinary surgeons, in Germany and 

 Holland, resqiectively, disagree with this, holding that the calf should receive the 

 necessary colostrum as soon as possible after birth and not wait until driven to 

 suck by hunger. Their advice is, after calving, to draw just so much milk as 

 is required for the calf and abstain from further milking. 



Donnnerhold reports that this method has been tested for some years in 

 Holland with satisfactory results, especially in the province of Friesland, which 

 contains not only the most milch cows but also the best. He explains its success 

 in preventing milk fever by the continental theory that the disease is due to a 

 cerebral anemia which is induced by the disturbance of the circulation caused 

 by the milking out of a distended udder. Plenitude and distension of the udder, 

 no matter whether it is filled with potassium iodid solution, saline solution, air, 

 or milk, regulates the circulation and so prevents the cerebral anemia of milk 

 fever or corrects it if present. Pie also mentions as another beneficial effect of 

 infusions of air that the thick venous blood becomes thinner under the influ- 

 ence of air and thus flows away more easily. 



Preliminary note on the transmission of East Coast fever to cattle by intra- 

 peritoneal inoculation of the spleen or portions of the spleen of a sick 

 animal, K. F. Meyer (Jour. Com/par. Path, and Ther., 22 (1909), No. 3, pp. 

 213-217, fig. 1). — The author's experiments appear to show that East Coast 

 fever can be artificially transmitted through intrai)eritoneal inoculation of large 

 and intact portions of spleen. 



