ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 261 



So far as known this species attaclis only pine trees, of which it apparently 

 attacks all species within its range of distribution, when felled or injured. 

 The storms of 1906, 1907, and 190S furnished conditions favorable to this pest, and 

 it is estimated that in the storms of 1907 and 1908, 2,180,800,000 ft. of timber 

 was blown down, practically all of which was damaged by the sawyer. In the 

 vicinity of Baxterville, Miss., where most of the author's investigations were 

 carried on, from 75 to 90 per cent of the trees felled during the storm of April 

 24, 1908, were infested by the sawyer at the time of the visit of July 6. The 

 damage to each log infested is the work of the larvae or grubs which mine in 

 and through the sapwood and even penetrate the heartwood, making large 

 unsightly holes which cause the lumber made from this portion of the log to be 

 thrown into the very lowest grade. Approximately 25 per cent of the lumber in 

 each log infested by the sawyer is seriously damaged. 



Technical descriptions are given of the 4 stages in the life of the sawyer, 

 followed by an account of its seasonal history and habits. In southern Missis- 

 sippi the egg-laying periods last from about the first of March to the middle of 

 October. Preparatory to laying the eggs the female digs with her mandibles 

 quite a conspicuous egg pit in the bark. The eggs are deposited in a circle 

 around the bottom of the egg pit, as many as 9 eggs having been found deposited 

 through a single pit opening. The larvse hatch out in about 5 days and begin 

 feeding upon the soft inner bark. They soon work their way through it, but 

 do not enter the wood until they have attained considerable growth. Previous 

 to pupation the larva extends the gallery into the sapwood until the heartwood 

 is reached. It is probable that while the larval period may last for several 

 months the pupal period is not longer than 2 or .3 weeks. The length of time 

 occupied in passing from the egg to the adult stage varies greatly in different 

 individuals. A few adults emerge in the fall but the greater number pass the 

 winter in the larval stage. 



Larvae of the coleopterous family Trogositid.ie, the larva of an elaterid beetle 

 of the genus Alans, and a parasite (Bracon [Melanobraeon^ webM), here de- 

 scribed by H. L. Viereck as new to science, are mentioned as natural enemies. 

 None of these, however, has been powerful enough to thin appreciably the ranks 

 of the sawyer. 



Remedies considered under the headings fire, scoring, ])lacing logs in water, 

 and barking the logs are summarized as follows : " If possible saw all storm- 

 lelled trunks into logs and place the logs in water before the larvae enter the 

 wood, or within 40 days after the eggs are laid. If it is impossible to place the 

 logs in water, they should be barked within 40 days after the first egg pits arc 

 observed in the bark." 



A complete bibliography consisting of 20 titles is appended. 



Insect carriers of typhoid fever, W. F. Button {Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 

 53 (1909), Xo. 16, pp. 1248-1252, figs. 7).— A brief account is given of the in- 

 sects that are agents in the transmission of typhoid fever. The author con- 

 siders the study of entomology and its relation to disease to offer one of the 

 most prolific and promising fields in preventive medicine. A list of some of 

 the more important works upon the subject is appended to the account. 



Myiasis intestinalis due to infection with 3 species of dipterous larvae, 

 E. F. McCampbell and H. J. Corpeb {Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc., 53 {1909). No. 

 15, pp. 1160-1162, fig. 1). — Anthomyia canicularis, Miisca domestica, and Eris- 

 talis tenax are the 3 species that were implicated. 



Bee keeping [in Ireland] {Dcpt. Agr. and Tech. Instr. Ireland, Agr. Statis. 

 190S, pp. XX. l.',0, i//i).— According to the returns received there appears to 

 have been a decrease of 31.6 per cent in the quantity of honey produced in 1907 

 from that of the preceding year, as compared with an increase m 1900 of 0.6 



