VETERINARY MEDICINE. 281 



gm.) weights are added until the float sinks to a line marked on the spindle. 

 The 9 gm. weight is then removed and the cream pipetted into the bottle in 

 sufficient amount to sink the float again to the mark. 



VETERINARY MEDICINE. 



Studies on blood and blood parasites, H. Crawley (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. 

 Aiiim. Indus. Bui. 119. pp. 31, figs. 3). — Thus bulletin consists of three papers. 



I. Observations on mammalian Wood with darlc-field illumination (pp. 5-15). — 

 The apparatus used in these studies consisted of a substage condenser, arc lamp, 

 and rheostat, the latter serving to cut down the laboratory current to 4 amperes. 

 Attention is called to the fact that in the use of this apparatus the top part of 

 the condenser, the slide, and the cover glass must all be scrupulously clean and 

 that the film of oil between the condenser and the slide must be free from air 

 globules. The blood studied was that of the cow, sheep, rabbit, guinea pig, 

 white rat, and man. The phenomena obser^■ed are treated under the captions 

 blood dust, beaded threads, flagellated erythrocytes and free flagella, bodies 

 showing pseudopodia, erythrocytes, leucocytes, and blood plates. 



II. The priority of Cryptobia Lcidy, IS-'iG, over Trypanoplasma Laveran, and 

 Mesnil, 1901 (pp. 16-20). — It is shown that the rules of priority compel the use 

 of the generic name Cryptobia. The synonymy of the genus Cryptobia and the 

 several si)ecies belougiug to it has been worked out and is presented together 

 with a bibliography of the literature i-elating to the subject. 



III. Trypanosoma americanum n. sp., a trypanosome which appears in cul- 

 tures made from the blood of American cattle (pp. 21-31). — The author has 

 studied the blood of cattle in this country and found that when cultured in 

 common beef bouillon it develops trypanosomes in from 2 to 4 days, varying with 

 the temperature. These trypanosomes also appear in cultures of cow's blood in 

 mutton bouillon, either acid or alkaline. They appeared in the blood of all 

 cows tested including animals parasitized with and animals free from Piro- 

 plasnia bigeminiim. Although many of the cultures were examined daily from 

 the first, flagellates were never found on the first day and but once on the second. 



" It may be concluded that the trypanosome here described and figured is a 

 common parasite of healthy American cattle. Its morphological peculiarity is 

 that the trophonuelens and kinetonucleus lie very close together. This pecul- 

 iarity is shown by T. transvaUensc, taken to be a variety of T. theileri, and, as 

 well as can be made out from his figures, by the trypanosome found by Miya- 

 jima. If this last fact be so, then Miyajima is in error In his conclusion that his 

 flagellate is a phase of Piroplasma. At all events, the fact that trypanosomes 

 appear in cultures of blood from healthy cattle is of considerable significance, 

 and is decidedly against the belief that they are stages in the life history of 

 a htemosporidian." 



The leucocytozoa: Protozoal parasites of the colorless corpuscles of the 

 blood of vertebrates, Annie Porter (Sci. Prog. Twentieth Cent., .'i {1909). No. 

 IJf, pp. 2/f8-266, figs. Jj). — Following a general description of the leucocytozoa 

 an account is given of their movements, comparative morphology, multiplication, 

 and reproduction, mode of transmission, distribution, and nomenclature. 



A bibliography of 19 titles is included. 



The modes of division of Spirochaeta recurrentis and S. duttoni as ob- 

 served in the living- org-anisins, H. B. Fantham and Annie Porter iProc. 

 Roy. Hoc. [London^, 8er. B, 81 {1909), No. B 551, pp. 500-505).— From observa- 

 tions on the living organisms the authors find that both longitudinal and trans- 

 verse division occur in spirochetes as seen in Sf. recurrentis, ti. duttoni. S. 

 anodontw, and 8. balbianii. 



