282 EXPERIMENT STATION KECOED. 



Further observations upon tsetse flies and trypanosomes, Kleine (Deut. 

 Med. \vchnschi:, 35 {1909), tio. 1,5, pp. 1956-1958, figs. J,; Sleeping Sickness 

 Bur. [London], Bui. 11, Sup., pp. Ji'i9-.'i5.'i). — This is a continuation of investiga- 

 tions previously noted (E. S. II., 21, p. 785). 



From experiments conducted in wliicli large numbers of flies bred from pupa- 

 riums were fed upon infected monkeys and later upon healthy monkeys, it is 

 concluded that Glossina niorsitans does not transmit Trypanosoma gaml)ien.sc. 

 No less than 805 G. palpalis and 722 G. niorsitans bred from pupariums were 

 fed first on infected and then on healthy animals, but no observation was made 

 which sui)ported the hypothesis of hereditary transmission of pathogenic 

 trypanosomes. 



The author concludes that in the epidemology of sleeping sickness and of 

 animal trypanosomiasis no part is played by inherited trypanosomes and that 

 mechanical transmission has a subordinate importance or none at all. In the 

 course of his investigations he has met with no case in which trypanosomes 

 were conveyed mechanically from animal to animal, 1,910 flies (G. palpalis and 

 morsitans) having been fed on infected animals and 18 to 24 hours afterwards 

 on susceptible healthy animals without a case of infection. He states that it 

 seems fairly certain that trypanosomes of mammals in the gut of flies can be 

 distinguished from the flagellates of unknown origin. T. tnllochii is believed to 

 be a developmental form of T. gambiense, as it was often seen in G. ;)a7p«/is 

 artificially infected with that trypanosome. He doubts if T. gambiense can be 

 distinguished in the fly from T. brueei and perhaps other mammalian 

 trypanosomes. 



J'eeding experiments conducted seem to show that only those flies which feed 

 on warm-blooded animals drop larvfe. The experiment also shows that the 

 female fly requires mammalian blood to produce young and that crocodile 

 blood can not replace it. 



The development of Trypanosoma gambiense in Glossina palpalis, D. 

 Bruce et al. {Proc. Roy. Soc. [London], Ser. B, 81 {1909), No. B 550, pp. J,05- 

 J/lJf, pis. 2; abs. in Sleeping Siclcness Bur. [London] Bui, 10, pp. 369-371). — In 

 the authors' experiments flies flrst became infected 18 days after their first 

 feed on infected animals and continued infective up to 75 days. There is some 

 evidence that but one of the 60 artificially infected flies used became infective. 

 It is considered that in nature the proportion must be even less, as many of 

 the flies, in many localities at least, can never have fed on an animal the blood 

 of which contained Trypanosoma gambiense. 



On the seasonal prevalence of Trypanosoma lewisi in Mus rattus and in M. 

 decumanus and its relation to the mechanism of transmission of the infection, 

 G. F. Petrie and C. R. Avaei {Parasitology, 2 {1909), No. 3, pp. 305-32/t, charts 

 8). — The authors find that there are definite seasonal variations in the preva- 

 lence of trypanosome infections in Mus rattus and M. decumanus. It is prob- 

 able that temperature operates by influencing a developmental cycle of the 

 trypanosomes in the transmitting insects. 



A case of Trypanosoma theileri in Madras, I. F. Valladares {Jour. Trop. 

 Yet. Sei., Jf {1909), No. .'i, pp. 5J-J, 5-'/5, pi. 1). — A report of the symptoms in a 

 bull at Madras which is thought to have died of trypanosomiasis. T. theileri 

 was found in blood smears but no piroplasmata were discovered. 



Trypanosoma theileri and galziekte, H. T. Pease {Jour. Trop. Yet. Sei., 4 

 {1909), No. 4, pp. 532-539) .—From, recent investigations and inquiries it appears 

 that T. theileri is fairly common among the cattle and bufl'alo of India, and 

 that it is doubtful whether this pai'asite gives rise to any disease in them. 



A note on the occurrence of a trypanosome in the African elephant, D. 

 Bruce et al. {Prue. Roy. Soc. [London]. Scr. B, 81 {1909), No. B 550, pp. /////- 



