292 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



to limit the bank in extending credit jimoug the agricultural classes not con- 

 nected with agricultural associations. As a result, the author believes tliat 

 (he Bank of Spain should he enabled to extend its influence for the improvement 

 of agricultural conditions in Spain by granting credit to the poorer classes of 

 unorganized tenants and farmers, who are greatly in need of such credit at the 

 present time. 



Peasants' agrarian bank [in Russia], A. W. Woodhouse (Diplo. and Cons. 

 Rpts. [London], Ann. 8cr., 1D09, No. J/SIO, pp. 15, 16). — The business operations 

 of the bank are briefly outlined. " Of the total quantity of hind belonging to 

 the bank authorized to be sold to the peasants from November 3, 190.5, till 

 January 1, ]!)09, leases were concluded in 14,997 ti'an.sactions for 1,483,488 acres 

 for the sum of £6,332,453, with loans on the same amounting to £6,167.0.53. 



" In order to enable peasants to pui'chase land from private owners, with 

 the aid of the bank, authority was given during the above-mentioned period 

 for 20,987 advances to be made on 7,543,962 acres, at the total purchase price of 

 £39,710,104, the loans advanced on the same being £32,817,539. 



" Partly on these transactions and partly on transactions previously author- 

 ized, 14,628 peasant leases with landowners were confirmed for a total of 

 5,140,678 acres of land acquired fo.- the sum of £28,168.957, with the help of 

 advances amounting to £23,744,973." 



[Cooperative credit societies in Bombay Presidency], G. V. Joglekae (Ann. 

 Rpt. Work. Coop. Credit Soc. Bombay Pres., 1907-8, pp. 39+3, map 1). — The 

 operations of the societies during the year are tabulated and discussed in detail. 

 On June 30, 190S, the societies numbered 145, of which 99 were rural and 46 

 urban, with a membership of 8,477. The rate of interest averaged 9^ per cent 

 as compared with 8* per cent the preceding year (E. S. R., 20, p. 91), while the 

 average charged by money lenders in the presidency is estimated at 18| 

 per cent. 



The mission, history, and times of the Farmers' Union, C. S. Barrktt 

 (Nashville, Tenn., 1909, pp. 419, figs. 51). — This volume gives an account of the 

 origin and development of the Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union, 

 with chapters on the principles and purposes of its organization and the causes 

 which called it into existence in 1902, and discusses the economic advantages 

 to farmers of education and cooperation. The society claims to have 1,000,000 

 members in the South and West. 



The farm community, L. H. Bailed' (Conservation, 15 (1909), No. 10, pp. 

 627-630). — This paper calls attention to the nature of community rural life in 

 sections of the country where irrigation is practiced, the dangers of irrigation in 

 destroying soil fertility, and the advantages of irrigation to agriculture under 

 proper conditions even in humid regions. 



A statement on the agricultural situation in New York State, L. H. 

 Bailey (N. Y. Dept. Agr. Bui. 12, pp. 11). — This bulletin compares the agri- 

 cultural conditions in the East and the West and points out the present possi- 

 bilities in the State of New York with reference to general agriculture, forestrj', 

 irrigation, and drainage. It is concluded that the State should make " a 

 thorough-going survey in detail of the agricultural possibilities in every town- 

 ship in order that we may have the local facts on which to found a scientifically 

 and economically sound country litf." 



Agriculture in British Columbia, F. I. Clarke (Bur. Prov. Inform. {Brit. 

 Cohimbia], Bui. 10, 9. ed., pp. 103, pi. 1, figs. 13, map 1). — The agricultural pos- 

 sibilities of this province for the production of fruit, dairying, the live stock 

 industry, poultry raising, and general farming are described in this bulletin. 

 Information is also given on the climatic and physical characteristics of the 

 I'egion, the laws affecting agriculture, and other data of a miscellaneous nature. 



