AGRICULTURAL, CHEMISTRY AGROTECHNY. 305 



are prepared from a tliousandth-normal dextrose solution, or, still better, from 

 maltose. 



A method for determining different sugars in a mixture of sugars, H. C. 

 Geelmuyden (Ztschr. Analyt. Chcin., .'18 (1909), No. 3, pp. 137-163; abs. in 

 Ztschr. Untersuch. Nahr. u. Genussmtl., 18 (1909), No. 8, p. 469). — This pro- 

 cedure has its application chiefly for diabetic urine, and consists of a combina- 

 tion of the various methods of sugar determination, that is, titration (T), 

 polarization (P), fermentation, etc. 



The tirst experiments in this direction were with glucose and maltose and 

 with fructose, maltose, and glucose. The constants of the evolved formulas 

 were calculated from polarimetric determinations and from the reducing values 

 obtained by Kuapp's method. Thus there was obtained for glucose (G) and 

 fructose (F) the formula: F=0.355 (T— P), G=0.378 P+0.022 T; for maltose 

 (Ma) and fi-uctose: Ma =0.270 P+0.444 T, F=0.663 T— 0.169 P; for glucose 

 and maltose: Ma=0.511 (P— T), G=1.337 T— 0.337 P, Ma=0.639 (P— Pi), 

 Ma=2.556 (Ti — T) ; if the maltose is determined by inversion: G=Ti — 1.053 

 Ma=Pi — 1.053 Ma. The researches were done with pure sugar solutions and 

 urines. The results were found to be vei'y accurate. The author will report 

 on his tests with the pure yeast species fermentation tests at a later date. 



A simple method for the quantitative determination of reducing sugars, 

 J. DrscHSKY (Dcut. Zuclccrindus., 3Jf (1909), No. 26, pp. 621, 522; ahs. in 

 Ztschr. Angew. Chem., 22 (1909), No. Sk, p. J!69//).— Comparative tests of the 

 various methods for reducing sugars showed that M. Miiller's, in which the 

 l»recipitated cuprous oxid is oxidized with iron oxysulphate and the remaining 

 oxysuiithate determined by titration with jtotassium ])ermanganate. is the best. 



The quantitative determination of starch sirups, R. Kayser (Ztschr. 

 Offcntl. Chem., 15 (1909), No. 20, pp. 390-393).— Juckemu-k and Pasternack's 

 method for the determination of starch sirups in food does not in all instances 

 yield reliable results. 



Detection of cane sugar and glucosids in plants, H. MIxhe (Ztschr. Analyt. 

 Chem., 48 (1909), No. 11, pp. 718-721).— A description of methods to detect 

 these sulistances l>y means of eiizyms. 



Sugar determination in molasses feeds, L. Vuaflart (Jour. Fabric. Siier., 

 50 (1909). No. 27, p. 1; abs. in Chem. Ztg., 33 (1909). No. 93, Rcpcrt.. p. ',0-'t).— 

 The newer methods, together with that of Herles, use the polariscopic method 

 after clarifying with lead acetate. Lead acetate often does not precipitate cer- 

 tain optically active plant substances, and it was found that the error may be 

 as much as 50 per cent. It was often necessary to determine these sugars after 

 inversion with copper solution or to extract them with alcohol and determine 

 according to Clerget's method. 



The analysis of galactose, A. Fer?iau (Ztschr. Physiol. Chem., 60 (1909), 

 No. 3-.'t. pp. 28Jf-2SS; abs. in Zcntbl. (iesam. Physiol, u. Path. Stofficechsels. 

 n. ser., 4 (1909). No. 19, p. 7-'i3). — This is a modification of the Tollens method. 

 It consists of taking 5 gm. of galactose in a tared glass receptacle, adding 60 cc. 

 ammonia and concentrating to a bulk of 15 to 16 cc. After adding 40 cc. of water 

 and allowing the mixture to stand for 12 hours the sediment is filtered off and 

 dried to constant weight. Pure galactose by this procedure yields 70 per cent 

 of mucic acid. 



Quantitative analysis of glycogen and the unique character of liver sub- 

 stances, E. Pfluger (Arch. Physiol. [I'fluger], 129 (1909), No. 6-7, pp. 362-^. 

 S7S).—A controversial article, dealing especially with the methods of glycogen 

 determination as proposed by Abderhalden (E. S. R., 22, p. 9). 



The determination of gum in sirups, A. Auguet (Ann. Falsif., 2 (1909), No. 

 5, pp. 136-138). — This is a combination of the Meyer and Roussin methods and 



