ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 353 



species taken up descriptions are given of the parent birds, attractive qualities, 

 habitation, catching, steadying and meting off, hand rearing, exhibition, food, 

 nest and eggs, and countryside notes. Accounts are also given of the common 

 ailments, their causes and cure, the molt, and the bird room, and of the cages, 

 aviaries, and bird-room requisites. 



The birds of Java and their economic importance, I and II, J. C. Konings- 

 BERGER (Medcd. Lands Plantentuin. 1901, Xo. 50, pp. 101. pis. 60; Meded. Dept. 

 Landb. [Dutch East Indies], 1909, No. 7, pp. 87, pis. 52). — The species here con- 

 sidered are ilhistrated by plate figures. 



A manual of Philippine birds, R. C. McGregor {Manila: Bur. ,s'e/., 1909, 

 pt. 1, pp. X+-M2). — Three hundred and seventy-eight species are recorded. 



The American toad (Bufo lentiginosus americanus), X. Miller (Amer. 

 Nat., .'i3 (1909), Nos. 515, pp. 61,1-668; 516, pp. 730-7.'i5, figs. 7).— The author 

 here reports observations which were made continuously throughout the year 

 on this toad under the headings spawning habits and seasons, development, 

 habits, and food, hibernation and enemies. 



Experiments conducted show that the toad eats on an average only once in IJ 

 days. It feeds entirely on animaT matter, no food being taken unless it shows 

 signs of life. It refuses no insects, worms, or slugs which it can swallow, and 

 about SO per cent of its food consists of harmful insects. 



Toads are destroyed by all classes of vertebrates, by drought and winter, and 

 the adults mainly by the sewer system of cities and towns. Examinations made 

 of manholes in May showed that there were on an average 4 toads in each. At 

 this rate it is estimated that for Worcestei% Mass., alone there are no less than 

 24,000 toads caught and probably killed in this way annually, and it is believed 

 that at least .WjOOO toads perish there annually from this cause. 



The author states that toads will breed in any numbers desired up to the 

 limits of the insect food supply if given a pond or even a small pool insured 

 against drying up during late s])ring and early sunnner, and from which natural 

 enemies have been eliminated. 



A bibliograi)hy of 42 titles is appended to the account. 



The occurrence of Bufo columbiensis east of the Rocky Mountains, R. T. 

 Young (Proc. Acad. Nat. Set. Phila., 61 {1909), pt. 2, p. 2.98).— This toad is 

 recorded from the eastern slopes of the Arapahoe Peaks and from the moimtains 

 west of Greeley, Colo. The author's records show it to occur in the Hudsoniau 

 zone, far above the upper limit of the Transition, where it has doubtless 

 migrated from its original habitat. 



Fungal parasites of men and animals, H. Coupin {Atlas dcs Champignons 

 parasites et pathogencs dc VHommr ct des Animauw. Paris, 1909, pp. 137, pis. 

 58; rev. in Jour. Roy. Micros. Soc. [Londonl, 1909, No. 5, p. 617). — Illustrations 

 are given in this atlas of the microscopic fungi known to cause disease or to 

 infect animals, and of the higher fungi that are poisonous as articles of food. 



The Laboulbeniaceae and their parasitism of insects, P. Picard {Abs. in 

 Ent. BL, 5 {1909), No. 1, pp. 18-20).— A brief consideration of these fungi in 

 their relation to insects. 



On the flagellates occurring in the intestine of Glossina palpalis and in 

 the intestine and proboscis of G. morsitans, A. Kinghorn and R. E. Mont- 

 gomery {Ann. Trop. Med. and Par.. 3 {1909), No. 2, pp. 259-276).— A record 

 of observations. 



Determination of the blood-sucking insects and arachnids, E. Sergent 

 {Determination des Insectes Piqueurs et Suceurs de Sang. Paris, 1909, pp. 

 308+ XII, figs. 230). — A work intended for use in the identification of the 

 important blood-sucking species. 



