METEOROLOGY WATER. 421 



Memoirs and Climatologicol Atlas of India, issued under the dii-ection of Sir 

 John Eliot (E. S. R., IS, p. 526). It is stated that tlie climate of India is better 

 known than that of any other retiion of so great extent. 



The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, R. 

 Taveknier and M. O. Leightox {U. S. Geol. Survey, Watcr-Suijply Paper 'No. 

 238, pp. 161). — This paper shows the governmental methods of dealing with the 

 problem of water power in France, Switzerland, Italy, and the United States. 



The quality of surface waters in the United States. — Part I, Analyses of 

 waters east of the one hundredth meridian, R. B. Dole {U. S. GcoI. Survey, 

 Water-Supiily Paper No. 236, pp. 123). — This report gives methods of analysis, 

 location of sampling stations, and detailed results of analyses of surface waters 

 cast of the one hundredth meridian. Later reports will discuss the analyses 

 in relation to stream flow, climate, forestation, geologic environment, pollution, 

 and other factors, as well as the use of the waters for industrial purposes and 

 chemical denudation. 



The search for underground water, L. Chaptal (Prog. Ayr. et Vit. (Ed. 

 VEst-Centre), 30 {1909). No. .',6, pp. 615-619). — The various topographic and 

 geological characteristics which must be borne in mind in locating underground 

 water are described and the methods of professional locators of ground water 

 are briefly discussed. 



The pollution of streams by sulphite pulp waste. — A study of possible 

 remedies, E. B. Phelps (U. S. Geol. Survey, Water-Supply Paper No. 226, pp. 

 31, pi. 1). — This paper deals with the pollution of Lake Champlain and the 

 James, Potomac, and Black rivers ; the manufacture of sulphite pulp ; and the 

 composition and utilization of sulphite pulp waste liquor. 



It is shown that stream pollution by the waste from sulphite pulp mills is 

 extensive and wasteful. 2A billion pounds of solid matter from this source being 

 turned into the rivers and lakes of the United States every year. The success- 

 ful disposal of this liquor depends upon the utilization of the so-called lignone 

 which it contains. This lignone is used to a slight extent as an adhesive and 

 as a source of tannin. It gives by nitration a series of dyes which may have 

 some commercial value. 



Disinfection as an adjunct to water purification, II. W. Clark and S. DeM. 

 Gage (Jour. New England Water Works Assoc, 23 (1909), No. 3, pp. 302- 

 323). — Tests of disinfection with permanganate of potash and bleaching powder 

 in connection with mechanical filtration indicated that complete sterilization 

 of a highly polluted water can not be secured by the use of eitlier of these 

 agents unless they be employed in extremely large amounts. Better results 

 were obtained when the bleach was used in combination with sulphate of 

 alumina in mechanical filtration. The authors believe that disinfection should 

 not be depended upon in any case, but should be followed by filtration. 



Studies on the purification of sewage by means of peat beds, A. MtJNTz and 

 E. Laine (Monit. Set., Jf. sen, 23 {1909), II, No. 813, pp. 589-606, figs. 2, 

 dgms. 3). — Already noted from another source (E. S. R., 21, p. 416). 



Sewage disposal at country houses {Engin. Rec., 60 {1909), No. 25, pp. 681- 

 683). — This is an abstract of an address by J. D. Watson at a meeting of the 

 Institution of Sanitary Engineers of England. The information needed in the 

 selection and installation of an efiicient sewage system for country houses is 

 discussed. 



For ordinary conditions, the establishment of a bacterial plant on the per- 

 colation system is recommended. This should consist of (1) a septic or sedi- 

 mentation tank, (2) a percolation bed, and (3) a small sand filter or other 

 suitable means of removing organic matter from the bacteria bed effluent. 

 The use of subirrigation as a suitable means for the latter purpose is dis- 



