430 EXPERIMENT STATION KECOHD. 



.'iround I*:iris. as well ms on llii' use of llir ni.-inuic by fnnni'rs and market 

 frardeners near the city. 



It is stated that in r.>()T there were 90,290 liorsos in tlie Department of the 

 Seine, in which Paris is situated, nearly 15,000 less than in liM);!. In the city 

 of Paris there were 84,249, or 14,000 less than in 1905. From G50.000 to 700,000 

 metric tons of manure were produced by horses in the Department of the Seine 

 in ltM)7. 2<iO.(M)0 tons by cattle, of whicli there were 2S.500 head, besides a 

 smaller amouTit of manure producc^l by sheep, of whicli there were 2,500 head, 

 making the annual production of manure about l,Of)0.000 tons. In the Depju't- 

 ment of the Seine outside of Paris about 35.0.S4 acres are under cultivation, 

 requiring not less than 2.500.000 tons of manure annually. The growing demand 

 for the manure and the diminishing supply has increased the price of fresh 

 horse manure to about $3 jier ton in Paris. The price per ton of strawy cattle 

 manure is about half this amount. 



The diminishing production of manure in Paris is ascribed to the introduc- 

 tion of automobiles and the increasing use of peat litter, which is much more 

 efficient as an absorbent than straw and produces a much smaller volume 

 of manure. 



How is the deficiency of stable manure to be made up? H. Pohl-Roiirbeck 

 (lUufi. LandtD. Ztg., 29 (1009), No. 50, pp. 481, /,82; abs. in CeniU. BaJct. [etc.'\, 

 2. AM., 2.5 {1909), No. 10-13, pp. 318, 319). — This article discusses three means 

 of making up a deficiency of stable manure, (1) by substitution of other litter 

 for straw, (2) green manuring, and (3) the use of commercial fertilizers. 

 While it is not believed that stable manure can be entirely dispensed with, it 

 can be to a considerable extent replaced by green manuring and commercial 

 fertilizers. By substitution of peat litter for straw a better manure at less 

 cost may be obtaine<l. 



Growth of commercial fertilizers, M. A. Scovell (Kij. Farmer, 6 (1909), No. 

 J,6, pp. 1, 2). — The growth of the use of fertilizers in this country, and especially 

 in Kentucky, is briefly reviewed. 



Plain talks on the use of fertilizers, E. B. Voorhees (Farmers Digest, 3 

 (1909), No. 6, pp. ('), 7). — A brief discussion of soux'ces, functions, and use. 



Practicable fertilization, J. L. Hills (Rpl. Bd. A(jr. {N. H.]. 30 (1907-8), 

 pp. 8-'f-95). — Practicable fertilization as defined and discussed in this article " is 

 that procedure which places a unit of available plant food within reach of crop 

 roots at the least cost." The article discusses the utilization of the plant food 

 in the soil, subsoil, and air, as well as the purchase and use of fertilizers. 



The manufacture of chemical fertilizers, .T. Fritsch (Fahrication des En- 

 grais CJiimiqiies. Pnri.<i, 1909, pp. 5-'i0. pl.'i. //. figs. 69; rev. in Rei'. G^n. Chim., 

 12 (1909), No. 21. p. 338). — This treatise presents a digest of the scattered in- 

 formation on the manufacture of fertilizers." It is divided into three parts 

 dealing, respectively, with phosphatic, nitrogenous, and potassic fertilizers. 



Fertilizer mixtures, S. F. Morse (Country Gent., 7} (1909). No. 2969. p. 

 1210). — Supplementing a previous article on the economical use of fertilizers, the 

 author describes simple methods devised by him for calculating the amounts 

 of materials required to make fertilizer mixtures of any desired composition. 



The nitrate of soda position (Engin. and Min. Jour., S8 (1909), No. 2J/, pp. 

 1177, 1178). — The present status of production and i>rices of nitrate of soda 

 are discussed. It is shown that following the expiration. March 31, 1909, of 

 the agreement among nitrate producers limiting the quantity marketed each 

 year there has been a rapid increase in production and fall in price, 



The nitrate fields of Chile. — The origin, production, and uses of nitrate 

 of soda (Times {London}, 1909, Dee. 28, pp. 57, 87. figs. 3).— An account is 

 given of the origin, present condition, and extent of the deposits, the methods 



