HORTICULTURE. 447 



Qualitative weight and foreign material of wheat, harvest of 1908 {Pokls 

 qualitdlif vt Corps ct rangers da Blc (Rccoltc 1D08). Buchansi ; Govt., 1908, 

 XIII-\-62). — Full statistics are given for each of tlie clepartuients ami com- 

 munes showing the yields of wheat per acre. The percentage of foreign sub- 

 stances in the wheat harvested from large properties and that from peasant 

 lu'operties averaged 2 per. cent and 4.2 per cent, respectively. 



The adulteration of forage-plant seeds, F. H. Hillman (U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Fanners'" Bui. SS2, pp. 23, figs. 19). — This bulletin discusses the evils of adul- 

 teration of forage-plant seeds with crop seeds and seeds of injurious weeds. 

 The seeds of clovers and grasses and the principal adulterants found in each 

 are describe<l and full directions given for the detection of adulteration. 



HORTICULTURE. 



The fruit culture in Japan, T. Ikeda {Tokyo [1909^, pp. 110, pi. 1). — A 

 treatise on fruit growing in Japan, the successive chapters of which discuss 

 the climate of Japan and its local modifications, adaptive ranges of fruits, fruit 

 soils of Japan, indigenous and introduced fruits, varieties of leading fruits in 

 Japan, propagation, pruning and training, and some routine operations in 

 Japanese orchards. An introductoi-y discussion is given of the causes which 

 have prevented the development of fruit culture in Japan and special features 

 of the Japanese fruit industry. 



[Report of the Grand Junction Fi-uit Growers' Association], J. F. Moore 

 (Colo. Fruit Groiccr, 5 {1910), No. 1, pp. 26-30).— A detailed report for 1909 of 

 this successful fruit growers' cooperative association. 



Another mode of species forming, L. Burdank (Aiiicr* Breeders' Assoc. 

 \Proc.], 5 {1909), pp. .'iO~'i3). — The author cites several instances in which ap- 

 jiannitly fixed new species have been produced directly by crossing 2 species and 

 without further selection. 



Grafting and its application for various trees and bushes, N. Gaucher 

 [Die Vercdvluiigeii und Hire Anicendung fiir die verschicdeimen Buuine und 

 mriiucher. Berlin, 1909, 3. rev. and enl. ed., pp. X/F-f3//0, figs. 196).— X re- 

 vised and enlarge^l edition of the author's work, which treats of the principles 

 and methods of propagating trees and shrubs by the various forms of grafting. 

 Specific directions are given for the propagation of a large number of orna- 

 mental trees and shrubs, and the best means for grafting all of our common 

 fruit trees, together with suitable stocks for the same, are indicated. The text 

 concludes with a monthly w-orking calendar. 



The influence of bagging on the volume accretion of fruits, G. Riviere 

 iind G. Bailhache {Jour. Koc. Nat. Jlait. France, J/, ser., 10 {1909), Dec, pp. 

 752-755). — Experiments in bagging two varieties of pears are reported, in which 

 the authors found in general that the bagged fruits acquire a much larger 

 volume and consequently a greater weight than the unbagged fruit, thus con- 

 firming the results secured by Montreuil and Bagnolet in 18SG, which were 

 reported in liOiseau's De I'Ensachage des Fruits. 



The present status of apple breeding in America, S. A. Beach {Amer. 

 Breeders' Assoc. [Proc], 5 (191)9), pp. 28-36). — A brief statement of work along 

 the line of systematic apple breeding being conducted at the Central Experi- 

 mental Farm, Ottawa, and in a number of state experiment stations, as well as 

 by private individuals. 



Characteristics of Wealthy apple seedlings, AV. T. ]\Iacoun {Amer. Breed- 

 ers' Assoe. [/'/-oc], 5 (1909), pp. 37-.'i0). — Noted from another source (E. S. R., 

 21, p. 338). 



