460 EXPEKIMKN'I" STATION IJKCOI!!). 



tile season, wo would have an avcra;.'*' of about -\ days that the larva' nMiuun 

 in the fruit." Observations of L'O larvie of the Hrst brood after they left the 

 fruit to deternnne the period they remain in the cocoons showed a variation 

 from 2 to 1.'5 days, while at the lime tlie report was written, one of the larvai 

 had not jiupated and was apparently about to pass the winter witliout doinn so. 

 The author believes the insect to be capable of livini; from 1() to 11 months in 

 the cocoon and that in all probability the hibernatiuK larva-, under certain cou- 

 ditions, will live over an entire season and emerjie tlie following year. A dry 

 and well-protected condition is believed to be essential in causing the larvie to 

 remain a considerable tinu- in the cocoons. The total time spent in the cocoon 

 as a larva and a impa varied from S to 25 days, with an average of a little 

 over 14 days. 



On an average when confined the moths live less than a wwk, and although in 

 one instance, nnder favorable conditions, a moth lived 25 days, it is conclnded 

 that 2 or 3 weeks at the outside marks their existence normally. Records of 

 the total time required for the life cycle of the second generation varied from 

 35 to G5 days, or on the average, 49 days. A life history chart for 1908 illus- 

 trates graphically the development of the three generations and part of the 

 fourth, 



T. pretiosa is the most beneficial parasite, as many as 5 having been bred 

 from a single egg. A small red spider (Atiijxti.'^ agilis) was found to be an 

 active predaceous enemy of the larvje and pupre. The Pennsylvania soldier 

 beetle (ChauUognathus pcnnsylvanicm) destroyed large numbers of larvae and 

 4 species of ants {Dorymyrmex pyramicvs, Stenamma [AphcEnogaster] fulvum, 

 Monomorium minulum minimum, and Cremastogastcr ashmcadi) were observed 

 to gnaw into the cocoons and destroy larvae. A hymenopterous parasite (Halti- 

 chcUa sp. ). was frequently bred from the pup;ie and seemed to be quite a valu- 

 able parasite. Birds are important enemies and bats are thought to destroy the 

 adult moths. 



In part 2 (pp. 22-37), spraying experiments conducted at Tallapoosa and 

 Pomona are reported followed by a consideration of the general benefits of 

 spraying, and of banding as an adjunct method. At both places, S to 12 trees 

 were included in each of 9 plats. Spraying experiments were made with arsen- 

 ical Bordeaux, consisting of lime lbs., bluestone 3 lbs., disparene 2 lbs., and 

 water 50 gal. The first application was made just as the petals fell ; the second, 

 just before the calyx closed: the third. 10 days later: the fourth, 14 days later; 

 the fifth, when the second brood eggs hatched, and the sixth 2 weeks later. 

 " But little difference was indicated in the value of the first 3 sprayings, or 

 whether applied just as the petals fell or a week later just before the calyx 

 closed. I.,ate sprayings for the second brood showed only 2 to 5 per cent benefit, 

 and when added to the early sprays increased their benefit by about the same 

 amount," 



The author considers that 2 si)rayings. •' the first applied just before the calyx 

 closes and the second from 7 to 8 weeks later when the second brood appears, 

 give the best results from an economic standpoint, 90 per cent of the fruit be- 

 ing protected. Late sprayings alone are of very little value and, unless pre- 

 ceded by a spraying before the calyx closes, should not be attempted." 



In order to test the value of the banding system, bands were placed. May Ifi, 

 on IG selected trees. The bands were examined weekly until August 11. and 

 afterwards at irregular intervals until September 28. As from 5 of the 16 trees 

 3,920 infested ai)ples were gathere<l, and but a little mer 8 per cent of the cod- 

 ling moth larvie that entered the fruit were traf)ped. the author concludes that 

 banding even as an adjunct method of fighting the codling moth is a waste of 

 time. 



