ECONOMTC ZOOT.OGY ENTOMOLOGY. 461 



The review is l).v E. I). Sanderson. 



The single spray for the codling moth, A. L. Melandkk ( Washlniilon SI a. 

 Poimlar Bill. 17, i>p. J, /?f/.s-. J). — This bulletin replaces Popular Bulletin 5, 

 previously noted ( K. S. li., 2<), p. 102). Following are some of the special recom- 

 mendations: 



Sprtiy your trees with arsenate of lead, using 1 lb. to .50 gal. of water. Be- 

 gin to spray when SO per cent of the blossoms have fallen, and have enough 

 outfits on hand to be through in S days. T"se Bordeaux nozzles only, because 

 tbey throw a coarse penetrating stream. . . . Set the nozzles at an angle of 45" 

 by means of an elbow coupling. Throw the spray directly into the throat of 

 every flower. To do this the nozzle will have to be held above the branches 

 most of the time, and the spray rained down. Never use a misty spray. . . . 

 Do not spray at less than SO lbs., and if possible use 200 lbs. or more. Stay with 

 each tree until the bottom of every blossom is tilled, even if it may seem a great 

 waste of time and material. Select a blossom here and there and cut it in two, 

 to see if your spraying has filled the cup beneath the stamens." 



The brown-tail moth [in New York State], E. P. Felt (Jniir. Econ. Ent.. 

 2 {1909), 'So. 4, p. 307). — A small infestation was discovered in June in the 

 town of Rye, near the village of Port Chester, only about 1,000 ft. or so from 

 the Connecticut State line. The infested area and its vicinity was gone over 

 several times with a cyclone burner and in addition the few trees and shrubs 

 in the vicinity were repeatedly si>rayed with a contact insecticide. 



Control of the Mediterranean flour moth by hydrocyanic-acid gas fumi- 

 gation, F. H. Chittenden (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 112, pp. 22, flga. 

 .'j). — Ephcstia kachniellu, flrsi; discovered in a flour mill in Germany in 1877, 

 appeared in destructive numbers in Canada in 1880. In 1892 it was reported 

 as injurious in mills in California and in 1895 in New York and Pennsylvania. 

 Since that time it has gradually spread until now it is known to occur in prac- 

 tically all of the principal milling centers, and is attracting more attention 

 than any insect that ever infested mills or other buildings where cereals are 

 stored. Infested flour becomes felted together and lumpy and the machinery 

 becomes clogged, necessitating frecjuent and prolonged stojjpage and the loss 

 of thousands of dollars. Although the larva prefers flour or meal, it will 

 attack grain if these are not available, and flourishes also on bran and pre- 

 pared cereal foods, including buckwheat, grits, and crackers. It lives also in 

 the nests of bumblebees and in the hives of the honey bee. 



The author discusses the first use of hydrocyanic-acid gas against insects in 

 stored products, the value of the method, and the chemicals and other supplies 

 re(iuired. and the proiiortions to be used. Ten oz. of cyanid of potassium and 

 corresi)onding amounts of other ingredients to KX) cu. ft. of air space is said 

 to be a standard for mill and grainary fumigation. Additional quantities are 

 necessary when buildings can not be tightly closed. Good results can not be 

 expected with an exposure of less than 10 or 18 hours, while a period of from 

 24 to 30 hours is preferable. As aids in computing the exact proportions for 

 buildings of about 1,000 barrels (daily) capacity, tables are given designating the 

 dimensions and cubic contents of each floor and the amount of chemicals to be 

 used. Directions for the preparation of the mill or other building for fumiga- 

 tion, cleaning the mill, methods of stringing a building for fumigation, combining 

 the cheniieals, etc., follow. 



The pecan case bearer, G. W. Herrick (Texas Sla. Bill. 12 i, pp. Jf-10, flgs. 

 5). — The pecan case bearer (Acrol)asi.s nehulelJa) is reported to have been a 

 source of considerable loss in Texas for several years and probably the most 

 serious pest attacking the pecan. 



