ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 463 



is at all heavy, which is especially true after the secoiul year of the preseuce of 

 the weevil in the field, the first crop of alfalfa is injured from one-half to 

 three-fourths, and this year there are many fields where there are not 500 lbs. 

 of good hay to the acre. The fact that the worms are not full grown when the 

 first crop is cut, causes the loss to the second cutting. The young worms are 

 jolted off the plants, work their way back to the stubble and feed on every sign 

 of bud and leaf that appears, thus keeping the second crop from starting until 

 they are fully grown, and have stopped feeding." 



" The first crop should be cut as early as possible, the ground disked and cross- 

 disked as soon as the hay is off and then gone over with a leveler in the same 

 way. These operations will kill a large percentage of the young worms. Then 

 force the second crop as rapidly as possible and repeat the disking and leveling. 

 Clean up all ditch banks, fence rows, old stack grounds and rubbish early in the 

 fall by burning. Ship no hay out of the infested region." 



How to increase the death rate among' the boll weevils during winter 

 so as to protect the following year's crop, W. Ni;\\ i:ll (Cro/> Pest Com. La. 

 Circ. 28, pp. 4). — This circular emphasizes the importance of fall destruction 

 of all cotton plants by cutting them down and burning before October 15, or 

 at the latest, November 1. 



The chinch, bug, F. M. Webster (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 113, pp. 

 27, figs. 8). — This circular, based on Bulletin 69 of the Bureau of Entomology, 

 previously noted (E. S. R., 19, p. 452), has been prei»ared in order to impress 

 upon the farmer the necessity of watchfulness and the prompt application of 

 preventive measures where the insect is found to occur in any considerable 

 numbers. Among the topics discussed are the life history, food plants, and 

 losses caused by the chinch bug, its natural enemies, remedial and preventive 

 measures and the prospects of a future outbreak. Within the last year (1908) 

 a number of complaints of serious injury have been made by farmers in Ohio, 

 Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, and Texas. Reports of serious ravages by chinch 

 bugs on lawns have also been made from Brooklyn, N. Y., and Palm Beach, Fla. 



The euonymus scale, J. G. Sanders (U. 8. Dcpt. Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. lift, 

 pp. 5, figs. 2). — This insect is said to be the most serious enemy of the various 

 species and varieties of Euonymus in the eastern United States. Its attacks 

 are almost exclusively confined to this genus, although it has been found infest- 

 ing the common wild bittersweet {Celastrus scandens) , especially when growing 

 in proximity to infested Euonymus. In 1886, this scale was reported to be so 

 destructive to Euonymus at Montpellier, France, that it rendered the cultiva- 

 tion of that plant almost impossible, and more recently reports of its serious 

 injury to Euonymus japonica have come from Japan. In this country it is 

 reported to occur from Massachusetts south to Georgia and in Ohio and Cali- 

 fornia. It is also known to occur in Italy and Japan. 



This scale is exceedingly prolific, the plant which becomes infested soon be- 

 coming completely covered. There are said to be at least 2 broods each season 

 and a probable third one in the Southern States. The author recommends re- 

 peated thorough spraying of infested plants with kerosene emulsion (not 

 stronger than 15 per cent oil) at intervals of 2 weeks between the first of May 

 and the middle of June, within which time the hatching out of the young takes 

 place. The deciduous species of Euonymus should be treated after the falling 

 of the leaves, or during the winter, with a 25 per cent solution of kerosene 

 emulsion or a solution of whale-oil soap at the rate of 1 lb. to 1 gal. of water. 



The house fly, Z. P. Metcalf (.Y. C. Dept. Agr. Ent. Circ. 25, pp. 8, figs. 5). — 

 An account of the typhoid or house fly, its life history and relation to diseases, 

 and remedial measures, witli suggestions for cities, villages, and country jilaces. 



