490 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



to (lauipeii a part of the food, this resuUtMl in tlie death of ,"^4, or OS per cent. 

 Another lot of ISO chicks were given a similar treatment when 2 or 3 days of 

 age, and the total niortaiity in 4 weelvs was 23 chicks, or approximately 13 

 ;per cent. 



A third lot of IVKJ chicks, when about 24 hours old, was given a few drojis 

 of bonillon culture of I{. puUorum and this material was also used in the drink 

 iug water and to dampen 2 feeds per day for 10 days. All the symptoms of 

 bacillary white diarrhea were soon observed. The chicks had poor appetites 

 as compared with those in noninfected or control lots and there was a high 

 mortality. During the first month the loss in infected lots was 57 chicks, or 

 29 per cent, against 16 chicks, or 8 per cent, in the control lots. At 1 month 

 of age the surviving chicks were weighed and the controls were found to be 17 

 per cent heavier than the infected lots. At 8 weeks of age the comparative 

 loss in the infected lots was 94 chicks, or 47 per cent, and in the control lots 33 

 chicks, or 17 per cent. Both stunted and large chicks were found in each lot 

 but. as a rule, the large well-developed chicks were found among the controls 

 and those weak and stunted in the infected lots. In about 75 per cent of the 

 dead chicks from the infected lots which were examined, B. puUorum was 

 found. 



In another experiment. 11 strong chicks were given subcutaneous injections 

 '■ot the pure culture of the organism, and a mortality of 100 per cent resulted, 

 the organism being found in the internal organs of evei'y chick examined. 



Although the investigations are stated to be far from complete, the author 

 considers the data secured sufficient to warrant the following conclusions : 



"The mother hen is the original source of infection of the chick. A certain 

 percentage of the chicks on infected farms have the disease when hatched. 

 The disease may be induced by subcutaneous injection of chicks with pure 

 cultures of the organism, and transmitted through infected food supply. The 

 mortality depends upon the virulence and numbers of the organism, the mode 

 and time of infection, and doubtless upon the vitality of the chicks. While a 

 large percentage of infected chicks die under 4 w-eeks of age, some may survive 

 the infection. These are likely to be weak and stunted, and seem particularly 

 .susceptible to other disorders." 



.Suggestions as to possible meaiis of prevention are appended. 



-A new spirochetosis of fowls in Senegal caused by Spirochaeta neveuxi 

 Tti. sp., E. Brumpt {Bui. Soc. Path. Exot., 2 {1909), No. 6, pp. 285-288; ahs. in 

 Jour. Trop. Vet. Sci., 4 {1909), No. Ji, p. 602). — This new species is based on the 

 slight variations in morphology from Spirochceta gallinarmn. In the differen- 

 tiation the author relies chiefly on physiological differences and states that by 

 cross immunity it is easy to demonstrate that fowls cured of one infection are 

 capable of contracting the other. The parasite is inoculable to the fowl, duck, 

 goose, and Java sparrow. 



A leucocytozoon of the fowl, C. Mathis and M. I^eger {Compt. Rend. Soc. 

 Biol. [Paris], 67 {1909), No. 31, pp. ^70-/,7.2).— In addition to the Microfilaria 

 and Trypanosoma found in the blood of fowls in Tonkin as previously noted 

 (E. S. R., 22, p. 189), the authors report the discovery of a Leucocytozoon to 

 -which they give the name Lciicoci/tozoon rnulrryi. Of 216 fowls examined at 

 .a single time the blood of four contained this parasite. 



RURAL ECONOMICS. 



Concerning- the causes of the increased cost of living (Land. u. Forstw. 

 Mitt., 11 {1909), No. 24, pp. 2 1 9-22 1 ) .—Thi» article presents statistics on the 

 market prices of various farm products for a number of years and discusses 

 ; their bearing on the increased cost of living, the paper being published as 



