FORESTEY. 541 



data show the number of tests, weight per thousand seeds, germination energy, 

 germination power, purity and duration of test. The apparatus and methods 

 used in analyzing and testing the seeds are also described and discussed. 



Investigations on the pruning' of forest trees, E. Zederbauer (Uniersuch- 

 ungeii iiber die Aufnstung der Waldbdumc. Vienna, 1909, pp. 11, pi. 1). — These 

 studies have been previously noted (K. S. E., 22, p. 44). 



How to make improvement thinnings in Massachusetts woodlands, H. O. 

 Cook {Boston, 1910, pp. 21, pis. 9). — A popular treatise on this subject con- 

 taining data and illustrations taken from actual thinning experiments con- 

 ducted under the direction of the Massachusetts State Forester. It discusses 

 the importance, theory, practice, results, and practicability of thinning, and 

 gives suggestions relative to making thinnings in woodlands infested with the 

 gipsy moth. 



In conclusion a report on the conditions, methods of work and tinancial re- 

 sults secured in connection with the experimental thinning of a white pine 

 woodlot in Warwick, Mass., is given. J. J. Dearborn, who carried on the latter 

 work, concludes that it is possible to thin out a pine grove 50 years of age 

 with an additional cost of not over 15 cts. per thousand b. m. feet for the 

 chopping and 15 cts. per thousand b. m. feet for the logging under ordinary 

 conditions. 



A study of the Massachusetts wood-using industries, H. Maxwell {Bos- 

 ton, 1910, pp. 38). — A statistical study directed jointly by the Forest Service 

 of this Department and the State of Massachusetts, and including only those 

 industries in which lumber undergoes further processes of manufacture after 

 leaving the sawmill. The data for each industry shows the kind and quantity 

 of lumber used annually, average cost per thousand, and total cost at the fac- 

 tory, as well as the amount and average cost of lumber grown in and outside of 

 Massachusetts. The data is also summarized by industries and by species. A 

 list of the wood manufacturers and another showing the principal purposes for 

 which each of the 54 different woods is used are appended. 



Investigations on the elasticity and strength of Austrian building tim.- 

 bers (Mitt. Forstl. Vcrsuclisic. Osten:, 1900. Xo. 25, pp. Vll-rlGU pis. 21, figs. 

 15; 190-'i, No. 28, pp. VI+313, pis. 15, figs. 13; 1909, No. 35, pp. ¥111+217, pis. It, 

 figs IJf). — The Mariabrunn Forestry Station is conducting a series of studies on 

 the technical qualities of Austrian building timbers with a view of working out 

 the relations between elasticity and strength and the moisture content and 

 specific density of the woods, as well as to determine the influence of various 

 growth conditions upon the technical properties and to work out the relation- 

 ship between technical properties and the exterior and easily ascertained char- 

 acteristics of wood. The present series of reports contains an account of ex- 

 perimental work conducted with spruce timbers from various parts of Austria, 

 dealing respectively with spruces of south Tyrol by A. Hadek and G. Janka, 

 spruces of north Tyrol, Wienerwald and Erz-Gebirge by G. Janka, and spruces 

 from the Carpathians, Bohmerwald, Ternovanerwald and the Central Alps by 

 G. Janka. In addition to the experimental data on tests of timber from the 

 above regions, the last report also contains a discussion of the technical qualities 

 of spruce timbers in general, including compiled tables based upon the results 

 of the spruce investigations as a whole. 



Impregnation of wood, K. L. F. Friedmann and W. A. G. von Heidenstam 

 {Danish Patent 12',19, Jan. 22, 1909; ahs in Chem. Ztg., 33 {1909), No. 139, 

 Repert., p. 598). — The wood is treated in a tank with creosol-calcium solution 

 and then exposed to the air or to the gases of a steam boiler in order to bring 

 about a precipitation of the creosol in the outer layer uf the wood, and further 



