ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 553 



The galls formetl by the green-wiuged Chei'iues {('. ahietis) are reported to 

 have been very abundant on Norway spruce on the university campus and very 

 troublesome on native spruce, 990 galls formed during the season having been 

 counted August 1 on a single white spruce 3 ft. tall. Attention is called to the 

 fact that while C. pimfoUa; has alternate host plants (pine and white and black 

 spruce) C. ahietis does not. It is believed that the practice of removing and 

 burning galls will serve to control C. abietis sufficiently on ornamental trees. 



The San Jose scale and osag-e orange hedge, T. B. Symons and L. M. Peairs 

 {MaryJnnd Sta. Bui. IJfO, pp. 87-iOi).— Tests made during the year of several 

 commercial sprays, to the use of which many growers are resorting because of 

 the labor problem, are reported and discussed. On peach trees, the authors 

 report that " several solutions, namely, orchard brand lime suljihur. Rex lime 

 sulphur, soluble oil. Swift lime sulphur at 1 lb. per gallon, and Bogart's sulphur 

 compound at 1 :15, gave uniformly excellent results. Others, scalecide 1 : 15, Ni- 

 agara brand lime sulphur, and Never-scale at 50 lbs. to 50 ,gal. were not far 

 behind in efficiency. Weaker strengths of some of these mixtures, as well as 

 Cooper V^ and target brand, did not prove satisfactory. San-u-zay, while fairly 

 satisfactory for the fall spraying and effective against the scale in the spring, 

 causetl very serious injury to the tops of those trees to which it was applied in 

 March." 



Tests on apples were made in November, 1908, and March, 1009, with orchard 

 brand lime sulphur solution 1:9 and 1:10, orchard brand soluble oil (in No- 

 vember only). Rex lime sulphur solution 1:10, and homemade lime sulphur 

 wash. " Careful observations failed to reveal any marked difference in effect 

 of the various mixtures or dates of spraying on the scale, as the results were 

 all very good. However, some of the badly infested trees that were sprayed in 

 the spring died, while equally infested trees sprayed in the fall survived, indi- 

 cating that for very badly infested orchards, the best practice is to spray as soon 

 as possible in the fall, and perhaps give a second treatment in the spring." 



Both apple and peach trees were sprayed with orchard brand lime sulphur, 

 soluble oil, scalecide. San-u-zay, and Rex lime sulphur in fall and spring. No 

 difference in the amount of scale killed was noted, but in case of the San-u-zay 

 oil, peach trees sprayed in November were not injured by the oil, while those 

 sprayed in March were quite seriously injured. The authors consider the 

 tests to indicate that the concentrated lime sulphur solution should not be 

 used weaker than 1 gal. of the solution to 9 of water, while in caf^e of bad in- 

 festation a greater strength may be used. Practically no difference could be 

 detected in the decidedly beneficial effect of homemade and concentrated lime 

 sulphur solutions on the leaf curl of peach trees. The authors continue to 

 believe that the lime sulphur solutions offer the safest and most generally 

 satisfactory remedy for the San Jose scale. 



The osage orange hedge is said to be one of the greatest factors in the perpetu- 

 ation of the San Jose scale in Maryland at this time. Hedges abound in many 

 parts of the State, in some instances being practically the only fences. Thus far 

 not one has been found to be free from scale, and through the visits of birds, 

 they are a prolific source of infestation to fruit trees a considerable distance 

 away. The Maryland horticultural law, however, requires that all infesta- 

 tions of San Jose scale be either treated or destroyed, so that if such hedges 

 are maintained they must be sprayed annually. The Japanese quince and 

 hawthorn, occasionally used in hedges, are also food plants of the San Jose 

 scale, but the California privet, another hedge plant, is seldom attacked. 



The bulletin closes with a brief account of the work of the 23 public spraying 

 outfits operated during the spring of 1909. 



