556 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



sec'Diul Wfck uf July. The catfrpilhirs li;ul I'cd chiclly :il Iho tDps of lUo Irt'OS, 

 althougli sonic injury IiiUl Itccn done toward (lie ends of many of the lower 

 branches. The foliage for about 4 or H ft. from the tojis of infested trees had 

 been almost entirely destroyed. 



Additional rearings in Cecidomyiidae, E. P. Fklt (Jour. JJcon. Ent., 2 (JDO!)), 

 ^0. -'f, pi>. 2S()-.i<),i). — Brief characterizations are given of 37 new species reared 

 and of tlu> galls from which they were obtained. 



Transmission of malarial fever in the Canal Zone by Anopheles mos- 

 quitoes, S. T. D.\RLiNG {Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 53 (1900), No. 25, pp. 2051- 

 2053). — The habits of Anopheles mosquitoes and their relations to malaria are 

 discussed. Attention is called to the fact that certain species are natural trans- 

 mitters of malarial fever while others are rarely, if ever, found infected natu- 

 rally, although it is possible to infect them under laboratory conditions. It is 

 said that there is as much selection of breeding places by Anopheles as there is 

 selection of feeding grounds by fish. 



" Eleven species of anopheliues have been collected in the Canal Zone. Of 

 these 11 species the 3 commonest ones are Anopheles nlbiinunus, A. pseudo- 

 punctipcnnis, and A. malefactor. A. albimanus is much the commonest Ano- 

 pheles in the Canal Zone and is the one ofteuest taken in quarters and bar- 

 racks, although the proportion of one species to another varies somewhat with 

 the season and locality. . . . Ti-ee-breediug species are rarely encountered and 

 I know of no instance in which specimens of this species have been taken in 

 quarters. . . . 



"A series of bitiugs were conducted on suitable infected patients who were 

 carrying estivoautumnal or tertian gametes in their peripheral blood, using 

 4 varieties of mosquitoes. Out of scA'eral hundred mosquitoes used in the 

 biting experiments, 100 mosquitoes were dissected, and of these 70.8 per cent 

 of A. albimanus became infected; 12.9 per cent of A. pscudopunctipcnnis be- 

 came infected, and none of .1. malefactor (17 mosquitoes used) became infected, 

 although several of the latter were purposely placed in jars with A. albimanus 

 and bit at the same time persons from whom the specimens of A. albimanus 

 became infected." Specimens of A. albimanus infected with tertian [>arasites 

 became infective between 9 and Hi days after the first feeding. 



As a result of numerous biting experiments, weighings, and examinations of 

 blood from the host and from the midgut of the mosciuitoes following its inges- 

 tion, the author concludes " that a patient with more than one crescent for every 

 500 leucocytes, or 12 crescents per cubic millimeter, is infective and it follows 

 that such an individual should not be discharged from treatment in that condi- 

 tion or should be warned or required to continue treatment. Such a person is 

 a gamete-carrier and is a menace to a malarial community whenever susceptible 

 Anopheles have access to him." 



It has been found that A. albimanus is the host for estivoautumnal and ter- 

 tian malarial parasites in the Canal Zone at the present time, and that A. tarsi- 

 maculata transmits estivoautumnal parasites. A. malefactor does not transmit 

 malarial fever, while A. pseudopunetipennis is only slightly concerned in its 

 transmission. In the efforts at mosquito destruction, the extermination of 

 .1. albimanus is considered of paramount importance. 



Mosquito or man? The conquest of the tropical world, 11. Boyce (London, 

 1909, pp. Xyi+2(n\ fitjs. //'/; rev. in Nature [London], S2 (1909), No. 2093, pp. 

 15S-160, figs. 2). — An historical account of the application of prophylactic meas- 

 ures in combating tropical diseases. 



Flies and mosquitoes (Country (Jent., 7'/ (1909), Nos. 2955, p. 883; 2959,. p. 

 975; 2960, p. 999; 2961, p. 1023).— \ popular account of these insects in their 

 relation to disease transmission, with methods of control, 



