562 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD, 



parison selected, whether it be food purchased, food eaten, or food digested. 

 The standard proiwsed is generous rather than the reverse and is in accord 

 with American food habits, and seems a reasonable guide for use in institutions 

 or homes in planning diet for the aged. . . . 



" While it is impossible to estimate the amount of external muscular work 

 performed by the children in these studies, they are known to have been mod- 

 erately active, and it seems impossible that their diet can have been excessive 

 in either protein or energy. On the other hand, it is questionable whether the 

 protein in the first study or the energy in the second can have been sufhcient 

 for their best development. It was noted in the individual discussions of these 

 two studies that while the nutrients and energy supplied hy the diets corre- 

 sponded fairly closely to the generally accepted standards, the children appeared 

 to the observer to be rather below the average in general physical development. 

 While there was little sickness in the institution.s, the children gave the impres- 

 sion of being younger than they were, and this before any effort had been made 

 to weigh them. In the case of the German Orphan Asylum the body weights 

 were carefully taken, so that there is little likelihood of error from that source. 

 Here again, as in the case of the standards for older children, the most reason- 

 able deduction seems to be that the present standards for children from 9 to 12 

 years old are a trifle low. Many more observations of the diet of normal 

 children are necessary before the exact amounts required can be determined. 

 In the light of our present knowledge it seems fair to conclude that it would not 

 be wise to allow anything below the standard amounts in children's diets, and 

 in most eases dietitians would be quite justified in exceeding them somewhat." 



Physiological and medical observations [including food habits], A. Hrd- 

 LioKA (Sniithsn. lust.. Bur. Amen Ethnol. Bill. 3^, VP- /A'+//60, pis. 28, 

 flgs, 2). — In this bulletin, which is an exhaustive study of the Indians of the 

 southwestern United States and northern Mexico, the author has included, in 

 addition to other topics, a large amount of data regarding the food habits, 

 growth and development, clothing, and dwellings, as well as the results of 

 studies of muscular force made with a dynamometer. 



The principal article of diet of the different tribes is maize which is pi'e- 

 pared for use in various ways. Wheat is also used. Next in importance are 

 meat, fat, and beans. Meat is scarce, and " beef and mutton are generally 

 preferred fresh, but are also cut in thin strips and preserved by drying in the 

 sun, constituting the so-called 'jerked meat.' Fresh meat is prepared chiefly by 

 roasting near a fire on one or more sticks; or it is cooked with corn or wheat, 

 and occasionally other vegetables, in a stew. Fat and marrow are more liked 

 and apparently better assimilated by Indians of all tribes than by the 

 whites. . . . 



" Beans of many varieties are a more important article of diet, especially 

 to the Mexican Indians, than meat. They are much easier to procure and com- 

 bine large nutritive value with palatability. They ai-e generally cooked with 

 a little fat into a sort of stew ; this is eaten with the tortilla, which serves as 

 a spoon. 



" Other important articles of the Indian diet are squashes, melons, sugar cane 

 in the hot valleys of Mexico, and wild and cultivated fruit of many varieties, 

 as well as pinons and other nuts, and some mushrooms." 



Fruits and sometimes vegetables are dried for winter use. 



Many individual foods are described and details are given regarding the food 

 habits and food preferences of different Indian tribes. 



"The unspoiled Indian of our Southwest and of northern Mexico is not 

 lazy; he may rather be termed industrious, Both men and women, from 



