VETERINARY MEDICINE. 583 



Preliminary transmission experiments indicate that Uncinaria caiiis may be 

 an agent in tlie transmission of this infection. Fleas from jaundiced dogs 

 placed on healthy dogs and allowed to remain for several weeks in a flea-proof 

 cage produced no infection. Experiments with Dermacentor occidentaUs gave 

 negative results. 



The treatment of redwater in cattle (bovine piroplasmosis) with trypan- 

 blau, S. Stockman {Jour. Compar. Path, and Thcr., 22 {1909), No. 4, pp. 321- 

 S'lO). — The author presents in tabular form the details of inoculations of 29 

 animals with Piroplasma higeminum, and the effect of trypanblau, with which 

 20 were afterward injected. 



It has been found that if blood from an animal more or less recently recovered 

 from Texas fever be injected into a series of other animals that the reactions 

 obtained in the latter may be most irregular. " Some of the animals after an 

 incubative period of from 5 to 10 days may sliow nothing more than a slight 

 rise of temperature, accompanied bj- the appearance of piroplasms in a small 

 proportion of the red blood cells, others may become more or less ill and recover, 

 and some may even die of the disease inoculated. 



" During the last 3 years I have inoculated about 100 bovine animals with the 

 virus of redwater, in most cases for the purpose of giving them some degree of 

 immunity before they were shipped to colonies in which the pastures are infected 

 with piroplasmosis. and I have found that the behavior of one group of animals 

 towards a certain virus was seldom a good guide to what its effect might be on 

 the next group submitted to the immunization process. In some of the groups 

 there would be hardly one severe reaction, while in others the majority of the 

 animals would suffer severely. . . . The reaction obtained with a special virus 

 seems to depend to a great extent on the individual susceptibility of the animal 

 operated upon — a factor the existence of which one can not initially even sus- 

 pect. There are other factors, however, which appear to have some influence on 

 the activity of a virus. . . . The death rate from inoculated piroplasmosis in 

 bovines is not high, probably 5 per cent would be a high figure to put it at if 

 a large number of animals are operated upon. 



" The action of the drug is to confine the piroplasms for a time to the internal 

 organs. It certainly does not appear to clear them completely out of the system, 

 since they reappeared after an interval, as in the case of some of the un- 

 treated. ... I think there can be no reason to doubt, however, that the blood 

 of an animal treated with tryiianblau retains its virulence and can infect ticks." 



It is thought that trypanblau may aid in making the process of innnunlzatiou 

 more regularly mild. While the experiments here described sui)port the conclu- 

 sions of Nuttall and Hadwen (E. S. R., 22, p. 83), that trypanblau has a marked 

 effect on the bovine piroplasma, it is concluded that the value of the treatment 

 can be properly estimated only after extensive trials in the field. 



Indian cattle in Jamaica, B. S. Gosset (Bui. Dept. Agr. Jamaica, n. ser., 

 1 {1909), No. 2, pp. 102-113, pis. '/). — "Indian cattle are in a great measure 

 immune from the attacks of the different species of ticks, which swarm in our 

 pastures. I have noticed a great diminution of ticks in pastures which have 

 been regularly fed by zebu cattle, and horses also thrive better when fed in the 

 same pastures ns Indian cattle. Ticks are frequently on the skins of zebus, 

 but unless the animal is sick or is starved they do not seem to thrive, but 

 appear rather to exist in an undeveloped state. Should the zebu be starved 

 for a couple of days the ticks develop on its hide in a most astonishing way, 

 though the animal may have been confined in a plac6 where there were 

 none. . . . 



" The chief causes of loss by disease, are blackleg among the young stock, 

 and splenic fever among the older ones. These diseases often take the very 



