AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 593 



For the decade 1871-1S80 the average annual relief amounted to flSO.OOO and 

 in I881-1S!)0 it fell to an average of f 100.000 per year; "but in the period 

 1891-llMW it increased to £2.000.000, and in the years 1901-190G, inclusive, 

 it was no less than £4,800,000 per year." The districts suffering most are 

 within the rich blaclc-earth zone of south, central, and southeastern Russia" 

 whei-e the population is purely agricultural with no industrial centers to re- 

 lieve the situation. The growth of distress is attributed to two principal 

 causes — the insufficient area of peasants" allotments and inferior farming. A 

 sum of £2,521,474 was expended in 1908 for the purpose of relieving congestion 

 by facilitating the migration of peasants to Siberia, and there are also assign- 

 ments towards the reorganization of the system of land tenure and the redis- 

 tribution and improvement of holdings. 



Agricultural wages and the supply of agricultural laborers in Finland, 

 1907, O. Groundstroem (Lnndtbr. Styr. McddeL, 1909, Xo. 63, pp. 33-\-29).—A 

 statistical study. The supply of laborers was reported sufficient in the case of 

 42.8 per cent of the nuniicipalifies. while 56.8 per cent reported a " scant 

 supply" or "great lack" of agricultural laborers, either during the entire year 

 or during the sunnner season. 



Our census of American agriculture (Orange Jitdd Farmer, 48 (1910), No. 



1, pp. 4, 5, figs. 2). — Estimates on the number and value of farms, the value of 

 farm products in 1909. and the farm wealth of the United States on January 1, 

 1910, are reported and discussed. The value of farms and farm property is 

 given as $29,040,000,000. a gain of 44 per cent since the census of 1900. 



Imports of farm products into the United States, 1851—1908 (17. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. ^tatis. liiil. 7 J, /ip. 62). — Statistics on the quantity, value, and kinds 

 of farm products imported into the United States, including the principal 

 countries from which consigned, for a period of 58 years are reported and 

 discussed. 



Exports of farm products from the United States, 1851-1908 (U. 8. 

 Dept. Agr., Bur. Statisi. Bui. 15, pp. 66). — Data similar in scope to the above 

 dealing with the exitorts of farm products and the countries to which consigned 

 are presented. 



Crop Reporter (V. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. 8tatls. Crop Reporter. 12 (1910), No. 



2, pp. 9-16, pgs. 7). — Statistics on the number, price, and value of farm animals 

 in the Unitetl States and foreign countries, the imports and exports of animals 

 and animal products in 1908 and 1909, and the range of prices of agricultural 

 products in the principal markets are reported, together with articles on the 

 stock of potatoes on hand January 1. 1910. the value of land and the rate of 

 wages in Canada, the crops of Austria-Hungary, and the pi'ospective census of 

 dairy and poultry products. 



AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION. 



Education for efficiency, E. Davenport {Boston, 1909, pp. V+lS.'f). — A col- 

 lection of addresses by the author, with an introduction and some new connect- 

 ing matter. 



Part 1 deals with the general relations of agi'iculture to other subjects of 

 education, and part 2 with practical methods of introducing agricultui-al study 

 into existing schools. The author argues for vocational education, urges that 

 " it is dangerous to attempt to educate a live boy with no reference to the 

 vocational," and that no individual should " be obliged to choose between an 

 education without a vocation and a vocation without an education." 



" I would have it so that in any company of American citizens one can not 

 tell by the dress, the manners, or the speech, what is the occupation of the 



