ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY — ENTOMOLOGY. 659 



plants are all caused after niidsnnimer. On strawberries only the first brood 

 is really injurious in New Jersey, the second lirood seeming to be controlled by 

 natural checks, and the third tindin.ic so much food and growing so slowly that 

 the i)lants do not show the effects of the feeding. On varieties in which the 

 foliage is thin and scant, the injury is serious and may reach 75 per cent of 

 the total crop and an impairment of 25 per cent in the value of the remainder. 

 An ichneumonid parasite (Porizon cooki) was bred from the larva but does 

 not occur in sutficient numbers to be of much importance. It has been found 

 that in bearing patches, injury can be completely prevented by a single, prop- 

 erly tiuied spraying with arsenate of lead at the rate of 4 to 5 lbs. to 100 gal. 

 of water. Spraying should be done within a week after the moths are noticed 

 in the field, and just about the time when they are becoming abundant. By 

 that time the eggs first laid will be hatched, but no leaves will yet be folded. 

 This date is usually about May 10 in the southern counties and al)out May 15 

 in Burlington and Camden counties. 



The strawberry root louse (Aphis forhesi) occurs in injurious numbers in the 

 light sandy soils of the pine barren regions in the State, but is exceptional and 

 seasonal. In New Jersey it usually winters in the egg stage. Hatching out 

 early in April, the larvte begin feeding on the leaves, and as they grow work 

 their way down to the tender foliage of the crown and feed there, until in from 

 12 to 15 days they are full-grown and ready to reproduce. If the survival of 

 the winter eggs is unusually heavy the crown may begin to show the effects of 

 feeding when the second brood develops, especially if there are but few ants to 

 transfer them to the roots, and this injury may become noticeable in the failure 

 of the plants to develop. In a field containing many ant colonies even a slight 

 original infestation may become serious. As this aphis, so far as known, occurs 

 only on cultivated strawberry i)lants, land upon which strawberries have not 

 been grown for 2 years will be free from infestation. If infested plants must 

 be used they should be dipped, before planting, in a strong tobacco decoction. 

 In order to make sure that no unhatched eggs are on the vines this must be 

 done between April 15 and October 1, as the eggs will not be destroyed by the 

 dii). Directions are also given for the fumigation of plants with hydrocyanic- 

 acid gas, 1 oz. of potassium cyanid, 2 oz. of sulphuric acid, and 4 oz. of water 

 per 100 cu. ft. of space being reconnnended, with an exposure of 10 minutes. 



Complaints of injury by the strawberry w^hite fly {AlciirodcH pdckardi) are 

 said to have occasionally come from the more northern parts of the State. The 

 strawberry leaf beetle {Tijixjphoriis quadrinotatus) which occurs throughout 

 the State was injurious in 1909 through a limited area, but has not often ap- 

 peared in harmful numbers. White grubs (May beetles) and 2 species of Har- 

 palus are also mentioned as attacking strawberries. 



[The rose chafer, grape-berry moth, and steel beetle], L. R. Taft (Michi- 

 aaii ^7(/. RpL V.lOi). p. /.77). — The exi»eriments conducted during the last 2 or S 

 years indicate that using .3 to 5 lbs. of arsenate of lead in 50 gal. of w'ater, to 

 which a quart of cheap molasses has been added, will destroy the rose chafer 

 and prevent serious injury to grapes. If the application is made when the 

 beetles appear in numbers they will leave the leaves and feed upon the poisoned 

 water. 



The grape-berry moth is reported to have caused considerable injury in 1907. 

 A large number of growers have found that the pest can be controlled by spray- 

 ing with arsenate of lead just before the blossoms open and again when the 

 fruit has set. 



The steel beetle sometimes appears in large numbers as the buds are swelling 

 and causes injury by eating out the center of the bud, thus preventing the 



