DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 679 



" From the standpoint of milks which show an ahnormally high leucocyte con- 

 tent this relation of tibrin to leucocytes is of importance, for it enables one to 

 determine whether the leucocytosis is normal or due to an inflammatory con- 

 dition. Previous studies have shown that those milks which are high in 

 leucocytes but which come from perfectly normal cows do not as a rule contain 

 fibrin." 



Before injection the acidity of the milk was practically the same in all 

 quarters, but subseciuently thereto considerable differences were found. In 

 most cases the milk from the nninjected quarters showed more acidity than that 

 from the injected. This was true only immediately subsequent to injection 

 and gi'adually disappeared. 



The sensitiveness of the mammary gland to foreign substances is emphasized 

 by these results. 



The significance of leucocytes in milk, W. G. Savage (Jour. Roy. //^s^ Piih. 

 Health, IS i tHIO), A'o. 2, pp. 65-77). — A summary of work on this subject. 



In the opinion of the author a differential enumeration of leucocytes is of 

 great value. " Rigid standards as to the number of leucocytes to allow in milk 

 can not be set up, but the count indicates the need for local investigation. 

 With extended experience it may do much more than this. The enumeration 

 can be rapidly performed. It gives definite information which inspection fre- 

 quently can not furnish, and the procedure reaches its highest utility when 

 combined with a bacteriological examination of the milk." 



A bibliography of the literature is api»ended. 



Bacterial content of the milk of individual animals, E. O. Hastings and C. 

 Hoffmann (Wisinnshi Shi. Rcscdicli Bui. It. pp. tS'>~UH>; Centhl. Bakt. [etc.], 

 2. AM., 25 {J9()<)), No. 19-25, pp. .',(i5-',l()) .—X report on the bacterial and leu- 

 cocytic content of cow's milk. 



Two animals were found which had large numbers of bacteria and also an 

 abnormally large leucocyte content. The authors think it possible that at some 

 previous time the cows may have had an attack of garget caused by pyogenic 

 bacteria and that the organisms persisted after recovery, becoming carriers of 

 bacteria as in the case of human beings which carry tyi)hoid. 



The occurrence and distribution of a lactic acid org'anism. resembling' Bacil- 

 lus bulgaricus of yoghourt, E. G. Hastings and B. W. Hammku (Wisconsin 

 Sta. Research Bui. 6, pp. 197-206; CentU. Bakt. [etc.], 2. Abt., 25 (1909), No. 

 l-'i-18, pp. Jil9-Jf26). — A continuation of work previously noted (E. S. R.. 20. 

 p. 573). 



For 2 years many samples of milk from different sources have been incubated 

 at 37° and in all cases developed a greater acidity than could be accounted for 

 by the presence of B. lactis acidi, indicating that the causal organism, a bacil- 

 lus closely related to B. huJgancxis and to B. casei e, has a wide distribution. 



Milk and its relation to the public health. (Pub. Health and Mar. Hasp. 

 Scrv. U. S., Hijg. Lab. Bui. 56, pp. SS-'f, pis. 51, figs. 67). — A new and revised 

 pdition of work previously noted (E. S. R., 19, p. 1175). Besides numerous 

 revisions, the additional chapters found in this edition are : The Relation of the 

 Tuberculous Cow to Public Health, by E. C. Schroeder; The Thermal Death 

 Points of Pathogenic Micro-organisms in Milk, by M. J. Rosenau ; The Relative 

 Proportion of Bacteria in Top Milk (Cream Layer) and Buttermilk (Skim 

 Milk) and Its Bearing on Infant Feeding, by J. F. Anderson; and National 

 Inspection of Milk, by H. W. Wiley. New material has also been added to the 

 topics of bacillus carriers, bacteriological standards of the American Associa- 

 tion of Medical Milk Commissions, and on the detection and prevention of 

 milk epidemics. 



