732 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



HORTICULTITRE. 



Rational handling and marketing of horticultural crops, G. Lind (K. 



LaiKlthr. Aldd. Uaiidi. <n-h 'I'idskr.. J,n (I'.lJI)), \'o. /, pp. Sl^lOG, fijj.s. 7). — A 

 discussion of tLie above subject from llic slnudpoiut of the Swedish horti- 

 culturist. 



The production of horticultural varieties, H. de Vries (Jour, Roij. Hart, 

 Soc. [London], 35 (1910), No. 3, pp. 321-326, fujs. 9).— A paper ou this subject 

 delivered before the Royal Horticultural Society in which the author descri1)es 

 several cases of ex])erinieiital ])roduction of varieties. 



On variation through grafting and asexual hybridization, E. Griffon 

 {Rev. Tit., 33 {1910), No. S.>,9, pp. 31H-320).— During the past five years the 

 author has conducted an extensive series of grafting experiments with herba- 

 ceous plants similar to those of Daniel (E. S. R., 17, p. 1070). His results 

 for the 5-year period as a whole confirm those reported from time to time 

 (E. S. R., 21, ]). 544). Very few morphological or biological variations were 

 noted and those were not well marked. No cases were observed of the specific 

 iufiuence of the stock on the scion, of any alteration of the fundamental char- 

 acter of species, or of asexual hybridization. 



The physiology of pruning, E. A, Bunyard {Jour. Roy. Ilort. Soc. \ London], 

 35 {1910), No. 3, pp. 330-33.'i) .—In this paper the author briefly considers the 

 practice of pruning and its relation to the vital processes of iilauts. 



The influence of the rainy season of 1909 on the growth of various vege- 

 tables, Denaiffe {Jardin, 24 {1910), No. 55.'i. pp. 86, 87). — This consists of 

 brief notes on the influence of the severe rainy season of 1909 on the growth 

 behavior of a number of the vegetables under test in the experimental gardens 

 of the Denaiffe establishment in France. 



Onion tests, 1905-1909, F. Garcia {New Mexico 8ta. Bill. 7Jf, pp. 2-'f, figs. 

 6). — This is a further report on cultural experiments with onions (E. S. R., 10, 

 p. 1076) including trials of sodium nitrate and of manure as affecting the yields, 

 observations on the hardiness of young onions, transplanted v. spring field- 

 sown onions, and tests of the Deuia onion, the mild variety annually imported in 

 large quantities from Spain. The Giant Gibraltar, a large, mild, Spanish 

 variety, was the kind used in the general tests. 



The nitrate of soda was used at the rates of 200, 300, 400, 500, and GOO lbs. per 

 acre, the plats being generally one-twenty-fifth acre in size. The manure was 

 applied at the rate of 50 loads per acre. All the fertilizers increased the yields. 

 The average estimated annual yield per acre for five years on the check plats 

 was 35,390 lbs. Nitrate of soda applied at the rate of 600 lbs. per acre in 4 

 api)lications gave the next lowest yield. The same quantity of nitrate of soda 

 applied in 2 applications gave the highest yield of the nitrate plats or about 

 50 ])er cent increase over the checks, while manure ga^■e a 01 per cent increase 

 over the checks. 



The results indicate that while transplanted onions give the largest yields, 

 good crops may be raised from early field planted seed. From September 25 to 

 the end of the first week in October is given as the best time to sow seed in the 

 fall. When seed can not be sown in the fall, it is recommended that it be sown 

 in the Held about January 20 to February 10 in rows 15 in. apart, thinning 

 the plants to 4 in. in the rows. The later the planting the smaller and more 

 inferior the crop of onions. The cost of production during these tests was 

 somewhat less than that previously reported, not exceeding $90 per acre. 



The Denia onions, which were found practically identical with the Giant 

 Gibraltar, proved to be well adapted to climatic and soil conditions at the sta- 



