ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 753 



IH'acli trees. The results on apple trees in 1908 were also satisfactory and 

 practically alike for both materials. Bogart's sulphur compound used on 34 

 trees appeared to have been without effect. Target brand, 1 : 20, was used 

 effectively on 60 trees. The June examination showed 55 trees being prac- 

 tically free from scale, and the infestation being slight on the remainder and 

 confined to crotches where it is thought that but little material could penetrate, 

 Hammond's Thrip Juice, used at a strength of 1 : 1,000, was ineffective. Cooper 

 & Nephews' spraying fluid, an oil spray of great spreading power, used on 

 plum trees at a strength of 1 : 100, was also without beneficial effect. 



The author considers homemade lime sulphur to be as effective as any mate- 

 rial that can be rcconnnended. 



A contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidae of Italy, G. Leonardi 

 {Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. R. ticuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 1 {1907-S), pp. 135-169, 

 figs. 61; Ann. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 2. scr., 7 (1007), pp. 37, figa. 61).^ 

 Two genera (Micrococcus and Macrocerococcus), (> species, and 2 varieties are 

 described in this paper as new 1o science. 



A second contribution to the knowledge of the Coccidse of Italy, (J. Leon- 

 ardi (Bot. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 3 {1909), pp. 150- 

 192, figs. 64; Ann. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 2. ser., 8 (190S), pp. JfJ/, figs. 

 6.'t). — Fifteen species and 1 variety, repi-esenting 9 genera, are described as new 

 to science in this second paper. 



[Papers on the Coccidae], G. Leonardi (Bol. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. R. Scuola 

 Sup. Agr. Portici, 1 (1907-8), pp. 65-13.'i, figs. 71). — Four papers relating to the 

 Coccidse are here presented. In the first 2 new species are described; in the 

 second the species belonging to the genus Leucaspis are considered, 2 new sub- 

 genera being described ; in the third 7 species occurring on the island of Java 

 are described as new; while in the fourth an account is given of Aonidiella 

 auranti, a species new to Italy. 



Further information on Diaspis pentagona and methods of control, G. 

 Leonard: (B(jI. Lab. Zool. Gen. c Agr. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 3 (1909), 

 pp. 12-21; Ann. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 2. scr., 8 (1908), pp. i2).— This 

 account includes a list of 26 species of trees, shrubs, etc.. which serve as food 

 plants for D. pentagona in Italy. A list is also given of the food plants of this 

 species in other countries. 



The identity and synonymy of some of our soft scale insects, J. G. San- 

 ders (Jour. Econ. Ent., 2 (1909), Xo. 6, pp. //28-//J8, pis. 2). — Variations in size, 

 color and vestiture, together with the fact that many, and especially the earlier, 

 entomologists have supposed that such sedentary insects as coccids could not 

 live on different food plants, particularly if the hosts belong to different genera, 

 have led to a large synonymy. In this paper the author deals briefly with the 

 synonymy of the more common species occurring in this country, occasionally 

 Inferring to their distribution in foreign countries. The species thus considered 

 are the greenhouse orthezia (Orthczia insignis), pit-making oak scale (Astero- 

 Iccanium rariolosum), long-tailed mealy bug (Pseudococcus adonidum), citrus 

 mealybug, cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria vitis [^innumcrabilis]), the cottony 

 maple leaf scale (P. acericola), tessellated scale (Eucalyinnutus tessellatus), 

 soft scale, long soft scale (Coccus elongatus) , hemispherical scale, olive scale, 

 black scale (Saissetia nigra), European peach scale (Lecanium persicw), 

 frosted scale (L. pruinosum), hickory lecanium (L. caryw), European fruit 

 lecanium (L. corni), oak lecanium (L. quercifex), globular scale (L. prunastri) , 

 terrapin scale (L. nigrofasciatum), tulip soft scale {Toumeyella Uriodendri), 

 and the magnolia scale. 



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