ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY, 



755 



compared with that observed by Dr. J. B. Smith in collections made in New 

 Jersey and on Long Island, as pi'eviously noted (E. S. R., 20. p. 953). 



Of the 370 pupss 151 were found to be healthy, 123 were parasitized, and 96 

 were dead but not parasitized. A comparison of those collected in the two 

 States shows that while the percentage of dead from other causes than para- 

 sitism remained nearly constant the parasitism in New Hampshire was al- 

 most twice, as high as that in Massachusetts. Enormous variations in para- 

 sitism were found in different lots from the same town or from towns closely 

 adjacent. 



Observations were also made of the parasitism of 997 cocoons of Callosamia 

 promethea and of 40 of Telea polyphemus, w^hich were collected at the same 

 time. The number and percentage of cocoons parasitized by the several species 

 of parasites are shown in the following table: 



7'(fr(f.s-i7(.s//(- of coLVonfs of txitirc sUkworm.fi collected in Massachusetts and 

 yew Hampshire during 1908-9. 



Species of parasite. 



OpMon macruTum 



Spitocryplus extremis. 

 Theronia fulvescens . . . 

 Diglochis omnivornux.. 



Tachina (?) sp 



A chxtoneura frenchii. . 



Total. 



C. promethea. 



Number. 



320 



109 



4 



Per cent. 



32.7 



10.9 



.4 



S. cecropia. 



Number. 



27 



4 



123 



Per cent. 

 7.3 

 1.1 



.5 



12.4 

 11.9 



33.2 



T. polyphemus. 



Number. 

 4 

 1 



Per cent. 

 10.0 

 2.0 



It is considered quite possible that parasitism of the eggs is at times a con- 

 siderable factor in the control of these moths. It is also concluded from lim- 

 ited observations that the parasites of the immature caterpillars outrank in 

 importance those which attack the larger caterpillars and pupte. The inter- 

 relation of the primary parasites and the secondary parasites of these species 

 are also considered. 



Contributions to the biology of Pieris brassicae and some of its parasites 

 and hyperparasites, G. Martelli Uiol. Lab. Zoo/. Gen. e .\gr. R. Setiola Sup. 

 Agr. Portici, 1 {1907-8), pp. 110-22.',, figs. 12; AntK R. Seuola Sup. Agr. Portiei, 

 2. ser., 7 (1907), pp. 57, figs. 12). — In this paper particular attention is paid to 

 parasites and hyperparasites of /'. hrassie(e. 



Contributions to the knowledge of Dicraneura vinula and some of its 

 parasites, G. Martelli (BcjI. Lab. Zool. Gen. e Agr. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portiei, 

 3 (1909), pp. 239-260, figs. 12). — Studies of the bionomics of D. vinula are re- 

 ported. Notes on Encyrtus vinuhc and Eupelmus sp. which attack the eggs 

 and Paniseus testaeeus which attacks the larvfe are included, and a list is 

 given of 16 other parasites of the moth which have been recorded by various 

 authors. A bibliography of 43 titles is appended. 



Notes on fruit flies, W. W. Fkoggatt {Estac. Cent. Agron. [Cuba] Rpt. (Eng- 

 lish Ed.), 2 (1905-1909), pt. 2, pp. 117-121, pi. 1).—The Mediterranean fruit fly 

 (Halterophora capitata) and the Mexican fruit fly (Trypeta ludens) are the 

 species noted. 



A new species of Asphondylia which attacks the lupine, F. Silvestri (Bol. 

 Lab. Zool. Gen. c Agr. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici. 3 (1909). pp. 3-11, figs. 11; 

 Ann. R. Scuola Sup. Agr. Portici, 2. ser., 8 (1908), pp. 11, figs. 11). — A new 

 cecidomyid, the larva of which has been found to injure the pod of Lupinus 

 albus near Nola, Italy, is described as Asphondlyia lupini. Its life history, 



