DAIRY FARMTN( 



-DAIRYING. 



Ill 



(1909), No. 4, pp. 593-627, pL 1, figs. .'/). — A discussion of data in an article 

 previously reported (E. S. R., 21, p. 268). 



The author points out the inaccuracies which result from estimating the 

 volume of the thoracic cavity eitlier by talking the inner length and breadth or 

 by outer measurements. The volume of the lungs is diminished if a layer of fat 

 is deposited on the inner walls of the cavity, and the lung weight can not be 

 estimated from the volume as it varies so much in specific gravity. It is stated 

 that the length of the sternum does not vary so much between light and heavy 

 horses as other observers have thought. 



The position of the shoulder blade and its influence on the posture and 

 movements of the horse, Moller (Landw. Jalirb., 38 {1909), No. Ji, pp. 697- 

 713, fifj.s. 10). — A di.scussiou of the statics and mechanics of the fore limb, with 

 speciil reference to conclusions reached by Miiller (E. S. II., 21, p. 268). By 

 means of diagrams the author illustrates his conclusion that a more oblique 

 and longer shoulder blade may be allowed in a saddle horse ridden for comfoi-t 

 than when speed or the capacity to draw heavy loads is the desideratum. 



Reg'eneration of the beak in the goose (Anser cinereus) and the duck 

 (Anas boschas), E. I. Weruer and W. Goldsciimidt (Arch. Enticickl. Mech. 

 (hijiiH.. J.s (1909), yo. .'i, pp. 661-677, fig. 1). — The authors found that it took 

 irom 4 to 6 weeks for the regeneration of the new beak when from 4 to 10 nun. 

 in length was amputated from the beak of ducks and geese which were about 3 

 weeks of age. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Studies on the history, present condition, and future of cattle breeding 

 in Holland, D. L. Barker {Stuilirn iihcr die (Uschiclitc, den lleutiyen Ziisland 

 und die Zukunft des Rindes iind seiner Zueht in den Niederlanden wit Be- 

 sonderer Kritischer Beriicksichtigung der Arbeitstceise des Niederldndischen 

 Rindviehstammhuches. Inaug. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, pp. 138+6, pis. 20, 

 charts 2). — This is a history of cattle breeding in Holland from the earliest 

 times. 



According to the author, the original cattle of Holland were of the Bos taurus 

 hrachyccros type and were red in color. The black color came from Jutland 

 cattle imported in the latter part of the eighteenth century. A study of the 

 cattle in different districts at the present time shows 3 main types. 



There is an account of the work of the breeders' association and measures 

 taken by the "government to encourage cattle breeding, and an improved and 

 more uniform method of judging type according to the pedigrees of animals is 

 outlined. Measurements of cattle are given and also the report of an investiga- 

 tion as to the value of the " milk mirror " as an indication of milking capacity. 

 The results are summarizetl in the following table, which shows that a good milk 

 mirror was not necessarily associated with the largest yields of milk : 



Average daily milk yield, percentage of fat in milk, and character of the milk 



mirror in Dutch cattle. 



