DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 7*79 



A new lactic-acid producing Streptothrix, found in the fermented milk 

 of India, called the dadhi, G. C. Chatterjee {Ccnthl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. Abt., 

 Orig., 33 (1910), No. 2, pp. 103-112, fig. 1).—The iuitlior found that the coagu- 

 lation of dadhi, the fermented milk of India, which is similar to yoghourt and 

 leben, was due to a Streptothrix having characters similar to the bacteria found 

 in the other fermented milks, but differing from them by showing peculiar pink 

 f;:ranules when stahied with methylene blue and l)y forming convoluted chains 

 in glucose agar. 



Obligate anaerobic bacteria in milk and dairy products, C. Barthel (/v. 

 Landbr. Akad. Bandl. och Tidskr., .',.9 {1910), No. 1, pp. 15-U6).— The investiga- 

 lions of the author lead him to conclude that obligate anaerobic bacteria occur 

 but very rarely in common market milk. Those that are found are almost 

 wholly of two species, Schattenfroh and Grassberger's nonmotile butyric-acid 

 bacterium and Bacterium putriflcits (Bienstock). During the fall and winter 

 months the former occurs much more frequently than the latter, while the 

 opposite holds true during the spring and early summer. The obligate anaerobes 

 are considerably more numerous during the sununer mouths than in the fall or 

 winter, as are also the total bacteria of the milk. No direct relation was found 

 between the general hygienic condition of the milk and the appearance therein 

 of obligate anaerobic bacteria. The author furthermore concludes that B. putrifi- 

 cits (Bienstock) and Paraplcctrmn foetid urn (Weigmann) are identical. 



A contribution to the question of the infectiousness of the milk of tuber- 

 culous cows, G. Hessler (Eiii Beit nig zur Fnujc dcr hift ktiositiit dcr Milch 

 TuhcrkHl(J.ser Kiihe. Jtuiiig. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, pp, Gi, charts 2). — The 

 object of this investigation was to determine whether or not the milk of cows 

 reacting to tuberculin but not showing other clinical evidences of tuberculosis 

 contained tubercle bacilli. Sixty-one cows belonging to 3 different herds were 

 tested. 



The chief source of tubercle bacilli in the milk was found to be from tuber- 

 culous udders. In a few cases only they were found in the milk of cows show- 

 ing clinical evidence of the disease when the udder was not affected. They 

 were not found in cows reacting to tuberculin but otherwise ;iffording no 

 clinical evidence of tuberculosis. In some cases milk became infected from 

 particles of litter which dropi)ed from the exterior of the udder into the milk 

 pail. 



The conclusion is reached that an occasional clinical examination of the 

 herd and care in preventing infection from the milk from diseased sources 

 will enable dairymen to furnish a milk supply free from tubercle bacilli. 



A bibliography is appended. 



On pasteurizing milk and on the thermal death point of tubercle bacilli 

 in naturally infected milk, Y. van der Sluis (Ueber die Ahfdtiing dcr Tuber- 

 kelbaciUen in NatiirUch Inflzierter Milch nnd iiber die Pasteiirisierung der 

 MUeh. Inaiig. Diss., Univ. Bern, 1909, pp. 2.'^). — No tubercle bacilli were found 

 in the milk of cows in which the tuberculosis was localized in one particular 

 organ, but in generalized tuberculosis and in tuberculosis of the udder they 

 were present in all cases but one. Intra-uterine infection of the young did 

 not take place in pregnant guinea pigs inoculated with the bacilli. A temper- 

 ature of 80° C. was found to be necessary to insure the destruction of all the 

 bacilli in naturally infected milk. Artificial cultures of bacilli in a medium 

 containing milk acquired an ability to withstand slightly higher temperatures 

 than those normally i)resent in milk. 



Report of the operations of the Danish pasteurization law during 1908—9 

 (Mwlkeritid, 22 {1909), No. 52, pp. 1156-1171).— During the year 1,391 cream- 



