788 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



Immunizing calves during gestation against white scour, K. von Sande 

 (lidliii. TicnirztL ]V<lnis,lir., 2-') (HHIH). Xo. /',. pi). 2(U-2(;.')).—The director 

 of Gaus' Institute at Frankfurt reviews this subject at some leiigtb. 



Out of 215 cows injected with 20 cc. of an extract from the bacilli of white 

 scour, 91. G3 per cent of the calves were rendered immune, 6.04 per cent suc- 

 cumbed to the disease, and 2.33 per cent recovered. The author concludes that 

 by means of this extract, one may conf«'r an immunity upon cows which is 

 transmitted to the young and renders them refractory to the disease from the 

 time of birth. The immunization of the cow is accomplished through two sub- 

 cutaneous injections of the extract, the first of 10 cc. to be made 6 weeks be- 

 fore the terminati(m of gestation is due, ami the second of 20 cc. 10 days later. 

 This treatment does not affect the general health of the cow. 



A prophylactic treatment for white scour in calves during gestation, 

 Fehrmann {Berlin. Ticnirzil. WcIiusrJn:. 2.'> {1!)09), No. 7, pp. 139, IJ/O).— 

 The author has used the (Jans polyvalent germ-free extract from the bacilli of 

 calf diarrhea with good results. The injection of this extract during an ad- 

 vanced stage of gestation appears to be capable of transmitting a protection to 

 the fetus in utero which remains after birth as an active immunity. 



Two diseases affecting pregnant ewes, J. A. Gilruth {Xcw Zeal. Dept. Ayr., 

 Vet. Dir. Bill, lo, pp. 11). — An account is given of the eversion of the vagina, 

 which is at the present time probably the greatest cause of losses in sheep in 

 New Zealand, and of the antepartum paralysis which has been found to exist 

 throughout the Dominion although more prevalent in the south. 



The caseous suppuration of sheep, H. Carre (Rev. G6n. M4d. V6t., 15 

 (1910), Xo. 170. Pit. i;'}-SI). — The author finds that purulent lesions of sheep are 

 caused by a group of microbes which may l)e considered as varieties of the 

 I>acillus of Preisz-Nocard, and which in their morphological, cultural, and ' 

 biological characteristics present very great analogies. The value of vaccina- 

 tion against the toxic forms appears to have been established experimentally, 

 and practically it has given some very encouraging i-esults. It is also possible 

 to protect sheep against the affection by an umbilical and caudal dressing 

 applied after birth. The affections due to the Preisz-Nocard bacillus are said 

 to have a much greater distribution than is generally supposed. 



The parasite of otocariasis of Congo goats, L. Gredcelst {Arch. Schiffs u. 

 Tropeii Hyg., 13 {1909), Xo. 5, pp. I.j0-lo2; abs. in Jour. Trop. Vet. ,S'c/., .T 

 (1910), No. 1, p. 206). — The author examined material supplied by Broden and 

 concludes that the parasite involved is Pt^oroptes eomtiuDiis. 



Studies on the bacteriology of infectious swine diseases, R. R. Dinwiddie 

 and J. F. Stanford {Arkansas Sta. Bui. 105, pp. 315-350). — This bulletin dis- 

 cusses bacteriological studies conducted diu-ing the course of 5 outbreaks of 

 disease in hogs. The results of the investigation have led the authors to the 

 following general conclusions : 



" In natural outbreaks showing the anatomical lesions of hog cholera either 

 Baeillus eholerw sitis or Smith's swine plague bacteria may be present api)areutly 

 acting as cause. 



" Pneumonia occurring in hog cholera is generally due to the action of swine 

 plague bacteria. 



" Swine plague pneumonia is of frequent occurrence unassociated with con- 

 tagion. 



"All the symptoms and post-mortem lesions of hog cholera of natural origin 

 may be produced by artificial infection with pure cultures of Bacillus cholera; 

 suis. This artificially induced disease is transferable by cohabitation and by 

 inoculation from one animal to another, but does not exhibit the extremely 

 contagious features of the natural disease. 



